VOA今日美国2023 美国延长六个国家移民临时身份（在线收听）

The administration of U.S. President Joe Biden recently announced it is extending temporary protection from deportation to migrants from six countries.

美国总统乔·拜登的政府最近宣布，其将会延长来自六个国家的移民临时身份保护期限，使其不被驱逐出境。

Nationals of Sudan, Ukraine, El Salvador, Honduras, Nepal and Nicaragua can remain in the United States under the extended policy.

根据延长政策，苏丹、乌克兰、萨尔瓦多、洪都拉斯、尼泊尔和尼加拉瓜的国民可以留在美国。

The Temporary Protected Status (TPS) program permits migrants, whose home countries are considered unsafe, to live and work in the United States.

临时保护身份计划允许那些祖国被认为不安全的移民在美国生活和工作。

They can do so under the program although they do not have normal legal permission to be in the country.

根据该计划，他们可以在美国生活和工作，尽管他们没有正常的法律许可待在该国。

However, they can only be in the U.S. for a set period of time, and they must meet U.S. government requirements.

然而，他们只能在美国停留一段时间，而且他们必须符合美国政府的要求。

Daniel Costa is director of immigration law and policy research at the Economic Policy Institute, an organization based in Washington, D.C.

丹尼尔·科斯塔是总部设在华盛顿特区的经济政策研究所的移民法和政策研究主任。

Costa said current TPS holders have high employment rates and add billions of dollars to the U.S. economy every year.

科斯塔说，目前持有临时保护身份的人就业率很高，每年为美国经济增加数十亿美元。

"TPS raises wages through…work authorization for people who don't have it…Higher wages also mean more spending back in the economy, which creates more jobs," he said.

他说：“临时身份保护计划通过给没有临时保护身份的人提供工作来提高工资……更高的工资也意味着更多的支出回流到经济中，从而创造更多的就业机会。”

The United States first gave Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador Temporary Protected Status more than 20 years ago.

20多年前，美国首次给予洪都拉斯、尼加拉瓜和萨尔瓦多临时保护身份。

When the Biden administration extended TPS for those countries in June, it was for people who were current TPS holders.

今年6月，拜登政府对这些国家延长了临时身份保护计划的期限，对象是目前持有临时保护身份的人。

If the Biden administration again gives those countries temporary protected status, it would expand TPS for many people.

如果拜登政府再次给予这些国家临时保护身份，其将会延长许多人的临时保护身份。

It would permit any qualifying migrant who entered the U.S. during the last 20 years to receive TPS.

它将会允许任何在过去20年内进入美国的合格移民获得临时保护身份。

A report by the Niskanen Center, a Washington-based policy research organization, said the "vast majority" of TPS holders are employed.

总部位于华盛顿的政策研究机构尼斯卡宁中心的一份报告称，“绝大多数”临时保护身份持有者都有工作。

"More than 94 percent of TPS holders were in the labor force as of 2017," the report stated.

该报告称：“截至2017年，超过94%的临时保护身份持有者是劳动力。”

It said that they worked in industries including sales and health care.

该报告称，他们在销售和医疗保健等行业工作。

The 2017 report warned that ending TPS for just El Salvador, Honduras, and Haiti would cause the U.S. economy to lose over $160 billion over 10 years.

2017年的报告警告称，仅结束萨尔瓦多、洪都拉斯和海地的临时身份保护计划就将会导致美国经济在10年内损失超过1600亿美元。

Immigrant organizations have called for the U.S. to give new TPS designations.

移民组织呼吁美国指定新的国家加入临时身份保护计划。

They hope the government will add Mauritania and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to the program.

他们希望美国政府让毛里塔尼亚和刚果民主共和国加入该计划。

Nils Kinuani is the immigration coordinator for the Congolese Community of Washington Metropolitan.

尼尔斯·基努阿尼是华盛顿大都会区刚果社区的移民协调员。

He told VOA the group had conversations with U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) officials in April.

他告诉美国之音，该组织在4月份与美国国土安全部官员进行了对话。

"We have been also working with congressional leaders to push for this designation," Kinuani said.

基努阿尼说：“我们也一直在与国会领导人合作，争取加入该计划。”

The U.S. Department of State says the DRC is suffering a humanitarian crisis marked by over 20 years of civil war and conflict.

美国国务院表示，刚果民主共和国正在遭受一场人道主义危机，这场危机的标志是长达20多年的内战和冲突。

Leaders of Black Mauritanians say the U.S. had an earlier policy of not deporting Mauritanians because of the country's human-rights record.

毛里塔尼亚黑人领袖说，美国早先的政策是不驱逐毛里塔尼亚人，因为该国的人权记录。

Haddy Gassama is with the organization UndocuBlack Network.

哈迪·加萨马是UndocuBlack Network组织的成员。

She wrote that the abuses "include the practice of enslaving Black people" and keeping a system of apartheid.

她写道，虐待行为“包括奴役黑人的做法”和保持种族隔离制度。

Apartheid is a political system of racial separation.

种族隔离制指的是种族隔离的政治制度。

In January, Democratic Senator Sherrod Brown and Republican Representative Mike Carey sent a letter to Biden and other government officials to support TPS for Mauritanians living in the U.S. without legal permission.

今年1月，民主党参议员谢罗德·布朗和共和党众议员迈克·凯里致函拜登和其他政府官员，支持为未获得法律许可而居住在美国的毛里塔尼亚人提供临时保护身份。

Congress established TPS in 1990.

国会于1990年建立了临时身份保护计划。

Currently, 16 countries are designated for the program.

目前，有16个国家被指定为该计划的对象。

Current TPS holders who want to extend their protection must register again during the 60-day registration period for their country's designation.

现有的临时保护身份持有者如果想延长保护期限，必须在其国家指定的60天注册期内重新注册。

Re-registration opens soon for four countries, starting with El Salvador on September 10.

四个国家很快就会开始重新注册，萨尔瓦多从9月10日开始。

TPS designations are set for six, 12, or 18 months.

临时保护身份指定期限为6个月、12个月或18个月。

About two months before a country's TPS ends, the DHS secretary has to decide if the U.S. will end or extend the TPS.

在一个国家的临时身份保护计划结束前大约两个月，国土安全部部长必须决定美国是会终止还是延长临时身份保护计划。

The TPS program does not lead to permanent U.S. residency.

临时身份保护计划不会产生美国永久居留权。

As of March, about 610,000 foreign nationals held temporary protected status.

截至3月份，约有61万名外国公民拥有临时保护身份。

TPS holders who leave the U.S. without first getting a travel authorization may lose their TPS status and may not reenter the country.

在没有事先获得旅行许可而离开美国的临时保护身份持有者可能会失去临时保护身份，并且可能无法再次进入美国。

I'm Andrew Smith. And I'm Gena Bennett.

安德鲁·史密斯、吉娜·班尼特为您共同播报。