VOA时事新闻2023 亚马逊地区加大生物经济支持力度（在线收听）

Brazil's Amazon rainforest has long been home to small and mid-sized sustainable businesses.

巴西的亚马逊雨林长期以来一直是中小型可持续企业的所在地。

These companies use the area's nuts, fruits and other materials.

这些公司使用该地区的坚果、水果和其他材料。

Now there is a push to increase the number of those businesses.

如今，人们正在推动增加这类企业的数量。

And a new term has come about to describe these kinds of businesses: "bioeconomy."

现在出现了一个新的术语来描述这类企业：“生物经济”。

Marcelo Salazar has a drink company called Mazo Mana Forest Food.

马塞洛·萨拉查有一家饮料公司，名为Mazo Mana Forest Food。

The business partners with communities that live from the forest and gather the nuts, cocoa beans, acai, mushrooms, fruits and other ingredients that go into the drinks.

该公司与居住在森林中的社区合作，这些社区收集坚果、可可豆、阿萨伊、蘑菇、水果和其他可制成饮料的原料。

They have received financial support from an investment group in Manaus, Brazil.

他们得到了巴西马瑙斯市一家投资集团的资金支持。

The hope is that the bioeconomy counters an economy based on forestry and ranching.

人们希望生物经济能抵消以林业和牧场为基础的经济。

Leaders from Amazon countries used and heard the term repeatedly at an August meeting in Belem.

亚马逊国家的领导人于8月在贝伦举行的一次会议上反复使用和听到了这个词。

The officials expressed interest for policies to protect the rainforest and provide paying work for tens of millions who live in it.

官员们表达了对保护热带雨林并为数千万生活在热带雨林中的人提供有偿工作等相关政策的兴趣。

However, beyond general support for the idea, there was little agreement about what exactly a bioeconomy should look like.

然而，除了普遍支持这一想法之外，对于生物经济到底应该是什么样子，几乎没有达成一致。

Salazar was on a team chosen by Brazil's environment ministry to speak about the subject.

萨拉查是巴西环境部挑选的一个小组的成员之一，该小组就这一主题进行讨论。

The idea is not new.

这个想法并不新鲜。

It is the latest term for sustainable development, also called the green economy.

这是可持续发展的最新术语，也被称为绿色经济。

Besides the Brazil nuts and acai harvesters, people are making chocolate from native cocoa.

除了巴西坚果和阿萨伊外，人们还用当地的可可制作巧克力。

There is a sustainable fishery for one of the world's largest freshwater fish.

因为这里有世界上最大的淡水鱼之一，所以也可以发展可持续渔业。

A community of rubber gatherers is helping produce shoes.

一个橡胶采集者社区正在帮助生产鞋子。

"The challenge is scale," Para state Governor Helder Barbalho said.

帕拉州州长埃尔德·巴尔巴略说：“挑战在于规模。”

His state is believed to be the only in Brazil that has a complete bioeconomy plan.

他所在的州被认为是巴西唯一一个拥有完整生物经济计划的州。

Para is Brazil's top producer of acai, yet its economy is far more dependent on iron ore exports to China.

帕拉州是巴西最大的阿萨伊产地，但其经济发展主要依赖向中国出口铁矿石。

A large amount of land in Para is used by an estimated 27 million farm cows.

估计有2700万头奶牛在使用帕拉州的大片土地。

The state emits more greenhouse gases than any Amazon country besides Brazil.

该州排放的温室气体比除巴西以外的任何亚马逊国家都多。

But when it comes to larger sustainable companies, there are few success stories.

但当涉及规模更大、可持续发展的公司时，几乎没有成功的例子。

The best example has been skin product company Natura.

护肤品公司Natura就是最好的例子。

Twenty years ago it started a product line using ingredients from traditional Amazon communities and family farms.

20年前，它开创了一条生产线，使用的原料来自传统亚马逊社区和家庭农场。

When the company started, local people were using ucuuba trees to make brooms.

该公司成立之初，当地人用黄腊树做扫帚。

They greatly increased their earnings by leaving the trees standing and selling the seeds to Natura.

他们留下这种树，卖种子给Natura，从而大大增加了收入。

The change helped conserve more than 2 million hectares of forest.

这一变化帮助保护了200多万公顷的森林。

Natura bought goods from 41 communities – home to 9,120 families – who in 2022 received about $9 million.

Natura从41个社区购买商品，这些社区共有9120个家庭，这些家庭在2022年的收入约为900万美元。

Para State's plan for the bioeconomy names 43 forest products that could be exported, including acai, cocoa, cassava, pepper, fish species and essential oils for skin products.

帕拉州的生物经济计划列出了43种可出口的森林产品，包括阿萨伊、可可、木薯、胡椒、鱼类和护肤精油产品。

And the neighboring Amazonas state is creating a bioeconomy plan with financial support from the U.S. Agency for International Development.

在美国国际开发署的财政支持下，邻近的亚马逊州正在制定一项生物经济计划。

But some earlier efforts reveal problems.

但一些早期的努力暴露了一些问题。

A state condom factory in the Amazon city of Xapuri opened in 2008.

2008年，亚马逊城市沙普里开设了一家国有避孕套工厂。

It was supposed to provide a market for hundreds of rubber-gathering families.

它本应为数百个收集橡胶的家庭提供一个市场。

But the factory closed 10 years later, after federal funding came to an end.

但10年后，随着联邦资金终止，这家工厂关闭了。

Locals resorted to cattle ranching and today the area ranks high for deforestation.

于是当地人不得不求助于养牛牧场，如今该地区的森林砍伐程度很高。

Cocoa beans have also caused problems.

可可豆也带来了问题。

The trees can be a way to let forest grow back where it has been cut down.

种植可可树有助于重新造林。

But its appeal in places like the Ivory Coast and Ghana has meant massive deforestation to make way for the trees that earn more money.

但在科特迪瓦和加纳等地，它的吸引力意味着为了给赚更多钱的树木让路而大规模砍伐森林。

Salazar, head of Mazo Mana, views his company as both social-minded and good for the economy.

Mazo Mana的负责人萨拉查认为，他的公司既具有社会意识，又对经济发展有利。

It keeps nearly 10 percent of its money for its partner community associations.

它保留了近10%的资金给其合作社区协会。

Salazar thinks the sustainable companies that succeed and grow big will be those with a mission to solve the Amazon's problems.

萨拉查认为，成功并发展壮大的可持续公司将会是那些肩负解决亚马逊问题的使命的公司。

He says those companies will drive an economy that sees the value of the forest.

他说，这类公司将会推动看到森林价值的经济发展。

I'm Dan Novak.

丹·诺瓦克为您播报。