VOA新闻杂志2023 乘船逃离孟加拉国的罗兴亚人数量增多（在线收听）

乘船逃离孟加拉国的罗兴亚人数量增多

The number of Rohingya taking risky boat trips to flee refugee camps in Bangladesh is rising even higher than last year.

冒着风险乘船逃离孟加拉国难民营的罗兴亚人数量比去年还要多。

Human rights groups and aid agencies told VOA that those numbers could keep rising.

人权组织和援助机构告诉美国之音，这些数字可能会继续上升。

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR, said in a statement that a boat with 150 Rohingya on board landed in western Indonesia Saturday morning.

联合国难民事务高级专员公署在一份声明中表示，一艘载有150名罗兴亚人的船星期六上午在印度尼西亚西部靠岸。

Amnesty International's Indonesia office told VOA it had confirmed the landing as well.

国际特赦组织印度尼西亚办事处告诉美国之音，他们也证实了该船靠岸的消息。

That brings the total number of Rohingya fleeing across the Andaman Sea by boat to 3,722 so far this year, says the UNHCR.

联合国难民事务高级专员公署表示，今年到目前为止，乘船越过安达曼海的罗兴亚人总数达到3722人。

In its statement, the refugee agency said it had also received several reports of two more boats with broken engines stranded in the Andaman Sea.

联合国难民署在其声明中表示，他们还收到了几份报告，称又有两艘引擎损坏的船搁浅在安达曼海。

Those boats hold 400 or more people.

这些船可以容纳400人及以上。

The agency issued an urgent search and rescue call to countries in the area.

该机构向位于该地区的国家发出了紧急搜救呼吁。

In 2022, the UNHCR counted 3,705 Rohingya who tried to flee.

2022年，联合国难民事务高级专员公署统计有3705名试图逃离的罗兴亚人。

That was the most for any year since 2015.

这是自2015年以来逃离人数最多的一年。

December is a time when the waters are somewhat calm.

12月份是海水比较平静的时候。

And it is the time when most Rohingya try to leave.

也是大多数罗兴亚人试图离开的时候。

UNHCR spokesperson Babar Baloch noted, "We can't predict what is going to happen in December, but if we look at last year, 2022, the last three months were the ... busiest."

联合国难民事务高级专员公署发言人巴贝尔·巴洛赫指出：“我们无法预测12月份会发生什么，但如果我们看看去年，2022年，最后三个月是……最繁忙的。”

The Rohingya is a mostly Muslim minority from Buddhist-majority Myanmar.

罗兴亚人来自佛教徒占多数的缅甸，是一个穆斯林占多数的少数民族。

Nearly 1 million currently live in several large refugee camps in eastern Bangladesh.

目前有近100万人生活在孟加拉国东部的几个大型难民营中。

Most arrived in 2017, fleeing what the U.N. calls a campaign of "genocidal intent" by the Myanmar military.

大多数人是在2017年抵达的，他们是为了逃离联合国所称的缅甸军方发起的具有“种族灭绝意图”的运动。

Now, some try to flee by boat to Malaysia or Indonesia, both Muslim-majority countries.

如今，一些人试图乘船逃往马来西亚或印度尼西亚，这两个国家都是穆斯林占多数的国家。

Several hundred have died attempting to flee on old and overcrowded boats.

数百人在试图乘坐陈旧拥挤的船逃离时死亡。

Entire boats filled with refugees are believed to have been lost at sea.

据信，有满载难民的整艘船在海上失踪。

Chris Lewa is with the Arakan Project, a group that closely follows the issue.

克里斯·勒瓦就职于阿拉干项目，该组织密切关注这一问题。

She told VOA, "I believe there will be a lot more people on the way, but to [give] a figure ... is impossible."

她告诉美国之音：“我认为会有更多的人在路上，但要给出一个数字……是不可能的。”

Aid groups and the Rohingya blame worsening conditions in the camps in Bangladesh for the increase in attempts to flee.

援助组织和罗兴亚人指责孟加拉国难民营条件恶化是导致试图逃离的罗兴亚人数量增加的原因。

The refugees complain of rising gang violence, a lack of jobs and schools, and little food.

难民们抱怨帮派暴力不断增加，缺乏工作和学校，食物匮乏。

The U.N. World Food Program is the main source of food aid for the refugees.

联合国粮食计划署是向难民提供粮食援助的主要来源。

In June, it reduced the amount of monthly food aid, for the second time, to $8 per person per month.

今年6月，它第二次将每月的粮食援助金额减少到每人每月8美元。

The agency blamed lack of donor support for the cuts.

该机构将削减援助金额归咎于缺乏捐赠者的支持。

Additionally, the Rohingya are losing hope that they will be able to return safely to Myanmar where they are mostly denied citizenship.

此外，罗兴亚人正在对他们能够安全返回缅甸失去希望，因为他们大多被剥夺了缅甸公民身份。

Mohammed Rezuwan Khan is a Rohingya refugee.

穆罕默德·热祖万·汗是一名罗兴亚难民。

He said, "…All these things [are] driving the people to take the dangerous sea journeys."

他说：“所有这些事情都在驱使人们踏上危险的海上旅程。”。

Khan said his sister and niece knew the risks but still fled by boat last year.

汗说，他的妹妹和外甥女知道有风险，但去年仍然乘船逃离。

They made it to Indonesia.

她们成功地到达了印度尼西亚。

In years past, the boats carried mostly single men and women.

在过去的几年里，这些船主要搭载的是单身男女。

But the UNHCR says more families with children are now traveling together.

但联合国难民事务高级专员公署表示，现在有更多带孩子的家庭一起乘船逃离。

This year nearly a third of those making the dangerous trip are children.

今年，冒风险乘船逃离的人中有近三分之一是儿童。

UNHCR spokesperson Babar Baloch says Indonesia is the only country willing to take in the Rohingya.

联合国难民事务高级专员公署发言人巴贝尔·巴洛赫说，印度尼西亚是唯一愿意接收罗兴亚人的国家。

A 2016 presidential decision in Indonesia ordered officials to aid any boats at risk in the country's waters and to let them land.

印尼2016年的一项总统决定命令官员帮助该国水域中任何有危险的船只，并让它们上岸。

However, that may be starting to change.

然而，这种情况可能正在开始改变。

Last month, a boat that reached Aceh in Indonesia was reportedly pushed back out to sea twice.

据报道，上个月，一艘抵达印度尼西亚亚齐省的船只两次被推回大海。

On the third try, it made it to land.

在第三次尝试时，它成功上岸了。

A representative of Amnesty International blamed this on the national government's failure to assist local officials in their efforts to help the refugees.

大赦国际的一名代表将此归咎于国家政府未能协助地方官员帮助难民。

Should Indonesia stop helping, experts say more Rohingya will die when they cannot reach land at all.

专家表示，如果印尼停止援助，更多的罗兴亚人将会在根本无法到达陆地时死亡。

The UNHCR counted 348 dead or missing among those who set out in 2022 and 225 so far this year.

联合国难民事务高级专员公署统计，在2022年出发的难民中有348人死亡或失踪，今年到目前为止有225人死亡或失踪。

Baloch said, "We saw last year the consequences of not having a safe port or a safe place to disembark. These people risk losing their lives."

巴洛赫说：“去年我们看到了没有在安全港口或安全地方下船的后果。这些人冒着失去生命的风险逃离。”