2023年经济学人 绘制海洋交通图(1)（在线收听）

    In maritime legend, the Flying Dutchman traversed the world’s oceans undetectable except to the naked eye.

    在航海传说中，幽冥飞船穿越了世界上只有肉眼才能发现的海洋。

    Its mysterious voyages have inspired poems, novels, an opera, and, it would seem, an armada of imitators.

    它的神秘航行激发了诗歌、小说、歌剧的灵感，似乎还有大批的模仿者。

    According to a new study in Nature, three-quarters of all industrial fishing vessels and a quarter of transport and energy ships (a category that includes oil tankers, cargo ships, passenger ships and support vessels), have been left out of previous tallies of human activity at sea.

    根据《自然》杂志的一项新研究，四分之三的工业渔船和四分之一的运输和能源船(包括油轮、货船、客船和支援船)被排除在之前的人类海上活动统计之外。

    The oversight is substantial—the UN has previously calculated that the maritime economy represents a value of $1.5trn a year.

    这一疏忽是实质性的——联合国此前曾计算过，海洋经济每年的价值为1.5万亿美元。

    The underestimate suggests current mapping techniques cannot be relied upon for an accurate picture of seafaring practice.

    这种低估表明，目前的制图技术不能依赖于航海实践的准确图景。

    Most public mapping is done through the automatic identification system (AIS), which relies on ships to broadcast their location, identity and activities to those onshore.

    大多数公共地图是通过自动识别系统完成的，该系统依靠海上船只向岸上的船只播报其位置、身份和活动。

    But coverage is patchy.

    但覆盖范围并不完整。

    The European Union requires AIS broadcasts from all ships longer than 15m, while Americans spare those shorter than 19m.

    欧盟要求所有长度超过15米的船只发射AIS信号，而美国则不要求长度小于19米的船只发射AIS信号。

    China, Japan and South Korea have no specific AIS regulations.

    中国、日本和韩国没有具体的AIS法规。

    Large areas of the world, including much of the Pacific and South Atlantic, have poor AIS reception.

    世界上大部分地区，包括太平洋和南大西洋的大部分地区，AIS接收效果都很差。

    Much of the missing tonnage has its origins in Asia, where the number of untracked vessels exceeds those from all other continents combined.

    大部分遗漏的船舶吨位来自亚洲，在亚洲，未追踪船只的数量超过了所有其他大洲的总和。

    Other hotspots for dark sailing include the Gulf of Mexico and regions on the northern and north-western coasts of Africa.

    其他适合暗夜航行的热点地区还包括墨西哥湾以及非洲北部和西北海岸地区。

    The latest analysis was undertaken by researchers led by Global Fishing Watch, a non-profit organisation that builds maps and technology to track activity on the world’s oceans.

    最新的分析是由全球渔业观察组织领导的研究人员进行的。全球渔业观察组织是一个非营利组织，致力于绘制地图和发展技术来追踪世界上的海洋活动。