纽约时报 美国的酗酒问题有多严重?(3)（在线收听）

    The most worrisome drinking behavior, as before the pandemic, appears to be among women,与疫情爆发前一样，最令人担忧的饮酒行为似乎出现在女性当中，who have also borne more of the child-care burden created by school closures.

    而学校停课引发的儿童保育负担也更多地由女性来承担。

    A study published in October in The Journal of Addiction Medicine found that between February and April 2020,10月份发表在《成瘾药物杂志》上的一项研究发现， 2020年2月至4月期间，women had a greater increase in excessive drinking than men did.

    女性酗酒的人数比男性要多。

    Respondents who are Black reported greater increases, too.

    黑人受访者也报告了更大幅度的增长。

    A November study in the journal Addictive Behaviors, based on an April survey that asked about people's drinking during the previous month,《成瘾行为》期刊11月公布的研究结果基于4月份的一项调查，该调查询问了人们上个月的饮酒情况，found that women drank more than men in response to pandemic stress, to the point that their intake levels were roughly equal.

    结果发现，女性在应对疫情压力时的饮酒量比男性要多，这使他们的摄入水平大致相当。

    "I left that study with more questions than answers," says Lindsey Rodriguez, the paper's lead author and a psychologist at the University of South Florida.

    该论文的主要作者、南佛罗里达大学的心理学家林赛·罗德里格斯表示，“我离开这项研究时，问题多于答案。

    "Is it because of home-schooling? Uncertainty about the future? High pressure in more domains of life?

    是因为家庭教育吗？还是未来的不确定性？亦或是生活的其他方面受到了重压？

    Women were disproportionately affected by all things Covid-19. This is another way of showing the effects of that."女性受到新冠肺炎不成比例的影响。这是另一种显示影响的方式。”

    Previous disasters, including the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the 2003 SARS outbreak and Hurricane Katrina,9·11恐怖袭击、2003年非典爆发和卡特里娜飓风等灾难发生后，have been followed by increases in alcohol abuse among those who experienced them and their aftermath.

    经历过这些灾难及其后果者的酒精滥用现象都会加剧。

    But researchers have never studied the impact on drinking behavior of a catastrophe that lasted as long and was as pervasive as the current pandemic.

    但研究人员从未研究过持续时间和波及范围堪比当前疫情的灾难对饮酒行为的影响。

    Nor did those earlier events increase social isolation while also initiating widespread changes in the availability of alcohol through takeout and delivery, as Covid-19 has.

    这些早期事件也没有像新冠肺炎那样增加社会隔离，同时还引发了通过外卖和送货来获取酒精的广泛变化。

    There has been more drinking at home, which is associated with domestic violence and child neglect, Carolina Barbosa, a behavioral health scientist at RTI International, a nonprofit research organization, points out.

    非盈利研究机构RTI国际的行为健康科学家卡罗莱纳·巴博萨指出，“在家饮酒的人越来越多，这会引发家庭暴力和儿童忽视。”

    "So it's not just the health of the person who is drinking that we are concerned with," says Barbosa, the lead author of the Addiction Medicine study,《成瘾药物杂志》相关研究的主要作者巴博萨表示，“因此，我们关心的不仅仅是饮酒者的健康状况，"but it's also the social impact on the family and society in general."还有饮酒对家庭和社会整体的社会影响。”