纽约时报 第二十六届联合国气候变化大会讨论哪些问题?(2)（在线收听）

    The United States climate envoy, John Kerry, who had recently described the summit as “the last best hope” last week tried to manage expectations.

    美国气候使者约翰克里上周试图控制人们的预期，他最近曾把这次峰会形容为“最后的、最美好的希望”。

    “Glasgow was never,Glasgow was never, ever going to get every country joining up in Glasgow or this year necessarily,,” he said in a telephone interview Thursday.

    他在周四的电话采访中说:“格拉斯哥从来没有打算让每个国家都加入格拉斯哥的行列，今年绝对不会是这种情况。”

    “It was going to galvanize the raising of ambition on a global basis.”

    “这将在全球范围内激发雄心壮志。”

    The goals of the summit are to have countries nudge each other to rein in their emissions,峰会的目标是让各国相互推动，控制各自的排放，commit financial support to low-income countries to deal with the impacts, and iron out some of the rules of the Paris Agreement.

    承诺向低收入国家提供财政支持，以应对影响，并敲定《巴黎协定》的一些规则。

    The agreement stipulated that countries come together every five years to update their climate action plans and nudge each other to do more.

    该协议规定，各国每五年举行一次会议，更新各自的气候行动计划，并推动彼此采取更多行动。

    The five-year mark was missed because of the pandemic.

    由于新冠疫情，错过了五年的目标。

    The climate summit was postponed. Climate disasters piled on.

    气候峰会被推迟。气候灾害层出不穷。

    The pandemic is important in another sense.

    从另一个意义上说，这场新冠疫情也很重要。

    It offers a grim lesson on the prospects for collective action.

    它为集体行动的前景提供了一个严峻的教训。

    Countries turned inward to protect their own citizens,各国转而向内保护本国公民，

    and sometimes their own pharmaceutical industries, resulting in a starkly inequitable distribution of vaccines.

    有时他们自己的制药行业，导致了疫苗分配的明显不公平。

    Half the world’s population remains unvaccinated, mainly in countries of the global south.

    世界上有一半人口仍未接种疫苗，主要是在全球南部国家。

    “We’ve just experienced the worst part of humanity’s response to a global crisis,”

    “我们刚刚经历了人类应对全球危机的最糟糕阶段，”

    said Tasneem Essop, executive director of Climate Action Network, an activist group.

    气候变化行动网络（活动组织）执行主任塔斯尼姆·埃索普说。

    “And if this is going to be the track record for addressing the global climate crisis, then we are in trouble.

    “如果这将成为对过去解决全球气候危机的记录，那么我们就有麻烦了。

    I’m hoping this is a moment of reflection and inflection.”

    我希望这是一个反思和改变的时刻。”

    Meanwhile, anger is mounting against official inaction.

    与此同时，人们对官方不作为的愤怒也与日俱增。

    The streets of Glasgow are expected to fill with tens of thousands of protesters.

    预计格拉斯哥街头将挤满数万名抗议者。

    The main battle lines shaping up at the Glasgow talks, known as the 26th session of the Conference of Parties, or COP26,格拉斯哥会谈（联合国气候变化大会第二十六次会议 ）形成了主要战线，have to do with who is responsible for the warming of the planet that is already underway,主要的战线是关于谁应该对已经开始的地球变暖负责，who should do what to keep it from getting worse, and how to live with the damage already done.

    谁应该做什么来防止它变得更糟，以及如何忍受已经造成的破坏。

    The venue is itself a reminder.

    会议场所本身就是一个提醒。

    In the mid-19th century, Glasgow was a center of heavy industry and shipbuilding.

    19世纪中期，格拉斯哥是重工业和造船中心。

    Its power and wealth rose as Britain conquered nations across Asia and Africa, extracting their riches and becoming the world’s leading industrial power, until the United States took the mantle.

    随着英国征服亚洲和非洲国家，攫取他们的财富，成为世界领先的工业强国，英国的实力和财富不断上升，直到美国接过了这一重任。

    The largest share of the emissions that have already heated the planet came mainly from the United States and Europe, including Britain.

    在已经使地球变暖的排放中，最大的份额主要来自美国和欧洲，包括英国。

    Tensions over money are so profound that they threaten to derail cooperation.

    资金紧张如此严重，以至于有可能破坏合作。

    In 2010, rich countries had promised to pay $100 billion a year by 2020 to help poor countries address climate change.

    2010年，富裕国家承诺到2020年每年支付1000亿美元，帮助贫穷国家应对气候变化。

    Some of that money has been paid but the full amount will not materialize until 2023, three years late,部分资金已经支付，但全部资金要到2023年才会兑现，这已经晚了三年。

    according to the latest plan announced by a group of industrialized countries.

    根据一些工业化国家宣布的最新计划，

    Even more fraught is the idea of industrialized countries also paying reparations to vulnerable nations to compensate for the damage already done.

    更令人担忧的想法是，工业化国家也向脆弱国家支付赔款，以补偿已经造成的损害。

    Known in diplomatic circles as a fund for loss and damage, discussions about this have been postponed for years because of opposition from countries like the United States.

    由于美国等国的反对，这个在外交界被称为（应对气候）损失和破坏的基金项目已经被推迟了多年。

    Mr. Kerry this week said he was “supportive” of the idea of assisting countries who can’t adapt their way out of climate change,克里本周表示，他“支持”帮助那些无法适应气候变化的国家的想法，but remained concerned about opening the floodgates of liability claims.

    但仍担心会打开责任索赔的闸门。

    Then there are tensions over whether countries are doing their fair share to reduce their emissions.

    其次，各国是否在减少排放方面尽了自己应尽的责任，也引发了紧张局势。

    The Biden administration has pledged that the United States will slash emissions by about half by 2030, compared to 2005 levels.

    拜登政府承诺，到2030年，美国将在2005年的水平上削减约一半的排放量。

    But President Biden’s ability to reach that target is unclear,但拜登总统是否有能力达到这一目标尚不清楚，as legislation has been watered down and stalled in Congress, partly by a single Democratic lawmaker with ties to the fossil fuel industry.

    由于该法案在国会遭到削弱和搁置，部分原因是一位与化石燃料行业有联系的民主党议员阻挠。

    President Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil also plans to stay home.

    巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗也计划留在国内。

    President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia is not going, either, but may offer remarks remotely.

    俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京也不会出席，但可能会发表远程讲话。

    India is unlikely to commit to phase out its heavy reliance on coal power to meet its growing energy needs,印度不太可能承诺逐步消除对煤炭的严重依赖，以满足其日益增长的能源需求，though it is quickly expanding solar power in its energy mix.

    尽管印度正在其能源结构中迅速扩展太阳能。