Information society 信息社会
Gary: [from Covent Garden in London] I’ve chosen one of the hottest days of theyear to take a short stroll from our BBC studios to nearby Covent Garden. I’mvisiting Hakim Kahtan, who’s manager of Global Tele-Call. This part ofLondon’s always popular with local office workers and with tourists. Andwhether you’re in central London or Hong Kong (that’s where I first visited aninternet café), telephone and internet centres like this one are always busy.
They’re a powerful symbol of a revolution（革命） that’s taken place in the world oftechnology.
Hakim, what facilities（设施，设备） do you have here?
ClipWe have computers with a hard drive, we have scanners（扫描机）, we have international phone calls… [full transcript is not available]
Gary: Who comes here - and why? What do they do?
ClipWell, being in the city, we have different kind of visitors … [full transcript is not available]
Gary: You say people come from all over the world and they come to you to communicate with their families. How do they do that?
ClipThrough the internet … [full transcript is not available]
Gary: Thank you very much.
[studio] In this series, we’re considering the major themes that appear in BBC World Service news programmes. Today’s “big story” is the Information Society. We’ll focus on some of the issues and, of course, the language behind the topic. “Information and communications technology”, the “information society”, the “digital divide” - these terms have become buzz words（无意义的字） in the modern world. But what do they all mean? Alf Hermida is technology editor for BBC News Online, and I asked him for some definitions -- starting with the “information society” itself.
Clip Alf Hermida, BBC News Online, Technology EditorThis is a way of looking how society has changed. If we look back to a hundred years ago, we were talking about the Industrial Revolution - countries becoming economic powers, developing their businesses through the use of machines. Now the emphasis has shifted to information, and technology is a tool by which people can gain that information - be it through computers, on the Internet, or maybe over a mobile phone. And that’s what we’re talking about here: using technology as a tool to get access to information, to find out what’s happening in the world.
Gary: And why is this such an important area? Why does it feature in the list of WS Big stories, do you think?
Alf: In industrialised countries, we have well-stocked libraries, we have computers in most offices, we have access to the Internet. So a lot of the information we need to do business, to better ourselves through improving our careers is relatively available. In developing countries, that’s much more of a problem. Say you are a farmer in Senegal, and you want to find out what the price is for the mangos or the pineapples that you’re growing. When you come to sell them to the trader, you don’t know what the price of that pineapple is in the capital. You have to take, at face value, what you’re offered for it. But say you had a mobile phone, and that on that mobile phone, you could find out what the price of pineapples was in the capital, that would put you in a much stronger position when it came to selling your goods, and you would get a much better price for your crops. That would make a very big difference to how much money you earned every month.
Gary: So let’s say we’re talking about telephones and computers as you’ve suggested, what do we mean when we say there’s a “digital divide”?
Alf: This all comes down to having access to information - being able to find information about crop prices, about the latest research, even news about what’s happening in your country or in your part of the world easily. In industrialised countries it’s all around us. Apart from newspapers and radio stations, we now have the internet, or you can even get this sort of information on your mobile phone. The problem for developing countries is that they don’t have access to that information. If we look at, say, school pupils - people at school, in industrialised countries, you could have a wealth of information at your finger tips, using the internet and most schools will have computers and have access to the web. If you’re living in Bangladesh, your school might not have any computers, might not have access to the internet, and that puts it at a big disadvantage when it comes to your education, when it comes to your future prospects, and your chances of getting a good career and a good job.
Gary: Success in the modern world depends on having access to up-to-date information - whether for business, farming, education, healthcare - for every aspect of life. And in this so-called “information society”, there’s a digital divide between the haves and the have-nots - those who are able to access information and those who aren’t. But, as Alf Hermida explains, the ability to access information depends on more than just having the right technological equipment.
ClipAlf Hermida, BBC News Online, Technology EditorThere are several big problems when it comes to internet access. One of the big ones is that a lot of the material on the internet is in English, and that instantly puts a barrier up to a lot of people in the world because they have to speak at least some English to understand the information there. The other thing is just the connection. To connect to the internet, you need to connect either through cables or you can do it through radio waves. But in many parts of the developing world, what you have is a very slow connection over a telephone line. Telephone lines in a lot of these parts of the world are quite unreliable, they’re a bit crackly（容易破裂的）, they might have some interference（冲突，干涉） on the line. So what you then have is an internet connection that, not only is slow, but could break at any moment. That is a huge problem for the developing countries.
Gary: We’ve talked a bit about the internet, then, the difference that that can make to people’s lives. What about the phone? And particularly the mobile phone?
Alf: This is almost more revolutionary than the internet itself. Because what you’re finding now is that in countries like Nigeria, almost everybody will have a mobile phone. In the past they would have had to rely on trying to get a normal landline, something connected with wires to the local exchange, and the problem is there wouldn’t be many of these telephones, they would be expensive. But now mobile phones are opening the world of communication to just about everybody. So, selling goods is easier; sharing ideas is much more possible now than in the past; or even just giving advice to colleagues or friends.
Gary: As a journalist working for the BBC, do you find that there are any language issues that you have to bear in mind when you’re preparing reports about this subject?
Alf: One of the big temptations（诱惑） with technology is always to lapse into（陷入） jargon（行话）. Because what you find when you talk to people who work in this area, researchers who have come up with new and interesting ideas, is that they use jargon all the time. It’s a shorthand（速记） way of describing what they’re doing. And your role as a journalist is almost to translate that, to translate their technical jargon into words that you and I will understand so that when you read a story, when you listen to a story, it makes sense to you. And not only does it make sense, but you can see why it matters, why it’s important, and why it could make a difference to your way of life.
Gary: Slowly but surely, the new information and communication technologies are reaching even the remotest（遥远的，偏远的） corners of the globe. A BBC radio series called E-Villages visited a group of imaginative projects that are bringing the internet to rural communities in the Indian sub-continent. In one programme, Mukti Jain Campion travelled to a community radio station in Sri Lanka.(本文由在线英语听力室整理编辑) |