[00:00.00]Unit 11 Scientific achievements
[00:21.75]科学成就
[00:43.49]READING ZHONGGUANCUN
[00:45.62]阅读 中关村
[00:47.75]Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China,
[00:50.93]无论中国将来有多大的成就，
[00:54.10]it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.
[00:57.43]其中许多成就将会诞生在北京的西北部。
[01:00.76]Zhongguancun,in Beijing's Haidian District,
[01:03.44]北京市海淀区的中关村
[01:06.12]is the new centre for Chinese science and technology.
[01:08.64]是中国新的科技中心。
[01:11.16]It is home to the Chinese Academy of Sciences
[01:16.41]and more than ten famous University.
[01:20.98]including Peking University and Tsinghua University.
[01:23.80]中国科学院、北大、清华等十几所重点高校就座落在此。
[01:26.62]Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s
[01:30.16]中关村于二十世纪九十年代末作为一个特别经济开发区被正式建立起来，
[01:33.70]and quickly became the leader of China's hi-tech industry.
[01:36.37]并迅速成为中国高科技的领头羊。
[01:39.03]The science centre got started in the early 1980s,
[01:41.81]其实该中心于二十世纪八十年代初就已开始兴建，
[01:44.59]when Chen Chunxian,a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
[01:48.17]其实该中心于二十世纪八十年代初就已开始兴建，当时中科院的一位研究人员陈春先
[01:51.75]opened a private research and development institute.
[01:54.27]在此开办上一个私立的研究与开发学院。
[01:56.79]Whithin the next tehn years,more than a hundred scientific
[02:02.67]and hi-tech companies moved into the area
[02:05.24]在随后的十年中，有100多个科学与技术公司迁入本中心，
[02:07.82]and new hi-tech centres developed around the original Zhongguancun Garden.
[02:11.24]而且新的高科技中心也环绕中关村园建立起来。
[02:14.66]They all have their own characteristics,
[02:16.69]它们虽有各自的特色，
[02:18.71]but they all share the spirit of creativity
[02:23.28]and scientific skill that have made Zhongguancun a success.
[02:26.51]但它们都有一种使中关村成为一个成功典范的精神-创新与科技。
[02:29.73]The science park is also home to a growing number of overseas Chinese
[02:33.22]中关村科技园吸引着越来越多的海外华侨，
[02:36.71]who have grasped the opportunity to develop their ideas at home.
[02:39.63]他们抓住商机，以求在国内的发展。
[02:42.56]Xiang Yufang is one of those who have returned to China
[02:45.13]向雨放就是那些在国外学习和工作之后归国华侨之一。
[02:47.71]after studying and working abroad.
[02:52.07]Zhongguancun made it possible for him to follow his dreams
[02:55.10]中关村可以使他的梦想成真，
[02:58.13]and help the country he loves.
[03:00.11]同时也助于他所热爱的祖国的发展。
[03:02.10]"I studied abroad because I wanted to see more of the world and work
[03:05.13]“我到国外学习是因为我想对这个世界了解的更多，
[03:08.16]with some of the top scientists in my field.
[03:10.34]同时我也想与我同工作领域的顶尖科学家一起工作。
[03:12.52]I never felt really comfortable abroad,and I missed everything about China.
[03:15.75]在国外我从来没有感到舒适过，我想念中国的一切，
[03:18.97]When I got my master's degree,
[03:20.95]在工获得硕士学位后，
[03:22.92]I wanted to return home but couldn't find a company
[03:28.27]where I could use what I had learnt.
[03:30.19]我想回国，但我不能找到可以使用我所学专长的公司，
[03:32.11]I worked abroad for a few years and then I heard about Zhongguancun.
[03:35.25]我在国外工作九年后听说了中关村，
[03:38.38]I knew it was perfect for me."
[03:40.26]它对我来说太完美了。”
[03:42.15]Yufang talked to some friends from his university in Beijing
[03:44.88]向雨放在北京读大学的一些朋友谈到了回国一事，
[03:47.60]and they helped arrange for his return.
[03:49.68]他们为他把一切安排稳妥，
[03:51.76]He left his job in the foreign company and came back to Beijing.
[03:54.58]于是他放弃了在国外公司的工作回到北京。
[03:57.40]"I was so happy.It was wonderful,like a dream come true.
[04:00.38]“我很高兴，太精彩了，就像一个梦已经变成现实。
[04:03.36]I could do the work I wanted to do
[04:05.49]我能做我想做的事，
[04:07.61]and do something good for my country at the same time.
[04:09.99]同时我对祖国也做出了贡献，
[04:12.37]I will never forget how happy I was
[04:14.59]这永远不会忘记我重新立足北京、
[04:16.81]when I set foot in China again and was back with my friends and family."
[04:19.98]并与朋友家个团聚时的喜悦之情。”
[04:23.16]Yufang has been in China for three years now and is doing well.
[04:26.08]雨放已经在中国呆了三年，他干得很好，
[04:29.01]He lives in Beijing and runs a small company based in Zhongguancun
[04:35.25]together with two friends.
[04:37.02]他住在北京，和两个朋友在中关村经营一家小公司。
[04:38.78]Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science.
[04:42.16]中关村不仅对科学，而且对商业都有积极的影响。
[04:45.54]Today,there are more than 8,000 hi-techh companies in Zhongguancun.
[04:48.67]目前中关村有8000多个高科技公司，
[04:51.79]More than half of them are IT companies.
[04:54.16]其中一半以上是IT公司。
[04:56.54]The park is home to Chinese computer giants Lenovo
[04:59.27]中国最大的电脑公司联想
[05:02.00]and Founder and more then twenty famous international companies.
[05:04.78]与方正以及20多个国际知名的公司均座落在此。
[05:07.57]One of the mottos for the park -"Relying on science,
[05:10.24]中关村科技园其中的一个口号就是：“依靠技术
[05:12.92]technology and knowledge to increase economic power"
[05:15.65]和知识来发展经济实力”。
[05:18.38]makes it clear that science and business can
[05:20.95]很明显，科学、商业能够
[05:23.53]and must work together to build the future.
[05:25.96]也必须联合起来才能共创未来。
[05:28.39]Another motto helps explain the success of the park:
[05:30.81]科技园的另外一个口号可以很好地解释它的成功：
[05:33.24]"Encouraging pioneering work and accepting failure."
[05:35.83]鼓励先进，容忍失败。”
[05:38.42]Great scientific achievements are the results of years of failure,
[05:41.45]巨大的科技成就是建立在多年的失败、
[05:44.48]years of trying to create something that has never existed before.
[05:47.45]多年不断创造的基础之上的。
[05:50.43]The researchers and scientists in Zhongguancun
[05:52.80]中关村的研究人员及科学家们
[05:55.16]know that they can only reach the top
[05:57.22]深切地感到
[05:59.29]if they are ready to deal with and learn from failure.
[06:01.77]只有不停地解决问题并从失败中学习才能达到科学的顶峰。
[06:04.25]Not all the new companies can succeed,
[06:06.47]虽然不是所有的新公司都能成功，
[06:08.69]but the spirit and creativity they represent are more important than money.
[06:11.92]然而他们所表现的精神和创造力要比金钱更重要。
[06:15.14]As Yufang puts it:"We are not making that much money yet,
[06:17.86]正如雨放所说的那样：”虽然我们还没有赚得足够的钱，
[06:20.58]but we are excited about all the new technology
[06:23.20]但我们为能给中关村带来活力的新技术
[06:25.83]and great ideas that are coming to life in Zhongguancun."
[06:28.56]和新观念激动不已。“
[06:31.29]INTEGRATING SKILLS
[06:34.53]综合技巧
[06:37.77]Reading RED HOT ACHIEVEMENTS
[06:40.04]巨大的成就
[06:42.31]Chinese history is filled with great achievements in science and technology.
[06:45.69]中国历史上有许多重大的科技贡献。
[06:49.08]Since the early 1990s,
[06:51.00]自从二十世纪九十年代初期以来，
[06:52.92]China has been enjoying a boom in scientific and technological development.
[06:56.14]中国一直处于科技发展的高峰期。
[06:59.37]The success is no accident.
[07:01.29]成功不是偶然的。
[07:03.21]In 1995,the Chinese government put forward a plan
[07:06.14]早在1995，中国政府就提出了
[07:09.06]for"rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education"
[07:11.93]“科技兴国”战略，
[07:14.81]and it has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs.
[07:17.54]它推动了中国科学家在许多领域的突破，
[07:20.27]The results are impressive.
[07:22.04]巨大的成就给人们留下了深刻的印象。
[07:23.82]EXPLORING SPACE
[07:25.44]探索太空
[07:27.06]CSA,the Chinese Space Agency,
[07:32.34]has developed the highly successful Long March rocket series.
[07:35.16]中国航天局已经成功地研制了一系列长征火箭，
[07:37.98]The rockets are safe and have been used to send satellites into space
[07:41.17]这些火箭已经很安全地被用来发射人造卫星，
[07:44.35]and to prepare for the nation's first manned space flight.
[07:47.23]并为我国首次载人航天飞行做好了准备。
[07:50.10]SOLVING THE MYSTERIES OF LIFE
[07:52.08]探索生命的奥秘
[07:54.07]China has long been a leader in the field of genetic research
[07:57.05]很长时间以来，中国在提高生活水平、解决生活因难
[08:00.03]aimed at improving agriculture.
[08:02.00]农业产量的基因研究方面一直处于世界领先地位。
[08:03.97]One of the most important achievements in a new kind of rice
[08:06.91]其中一个重要的成就就是我们已经培育出了一种可以增加产量的稻谷。
[08:09.85]which allows farmers to increase production.
[08:14.89]Over the past twenty years,
[08:16.77]在过去的二十年中
[08:18.65]China also became part of an international research programme
[08:21.63]中国也是国际人体研究工程的一个组成部分。
[08:24.61]which examined the human body.
[08:28.76]In 2000,Chinese scientists announced that they had completed
[08:32.14]2001，中国科学家宣布他们已完成了
[08:35.53]their part of the international human genome project,
[08:38.41]自已所担负的国际人类基因绘图工作，
[08:41.30]proving that Chinese scientists are among the world's best.
[08:44.33]从而证明中国科学们的研究能力位居世界前列。
[08:47.36]E-VOLUTION
[08:48.78]发展
[08:50.21]It seems to be love at first byte for China and computers.
[08:53.15]因特网正受到越来越多人的欢迎。
[08:56.08]The Internet is becoming increasingly popular
[09:01.13]and a new high-speed broadband network was recently started.
[09:03.96]而且高速的宽带网已经被建立，
[09:06.80]Chinese computer engineers have also developed the supercomputer Shenwei,
[09:10.52]中国的电脑工程师还发明了超级电脑-神威，
[09:14.24]one of the world's fastest computers,
[09:16.58]它是世界上第四十八快速电脑。
[09:18.92]and built the nation's first humanoid robot.
[09:21.49]他们还研制了我国第一个具有人的形状和特征的机器人。
[09:24.06]FIGHTING CANCER
[09:25.75]与癌症作斗争
[09:27.43]For the first time ever,
[09:29.35]有史以来
[09:31.27]scientists have been able to create a chemical element that can fight cancer cells.
[09:35.15]科学家们已经研制出一种可以杀死癌症细胞的化学元素。
[09:39.03]The breakthrough,made by scientists in Shanghai,
[09:41.90]这一重大突破是上海科学家努力工作的结果，
[09:44.78]gives hope to cancer patients all over the world
[09:47.60]它给全世界癌症病人带来了希望，
[09:50.42]and makes China one of the world leaders in the battle against the deadly disease.
[09:54.14]同时它也表明了中国在与致命疾病的斗争中处于领先地位。
[09:57.86]Workbook Unit 11 INTEGRATING SKILLS
[10:07.61]Reading THE AGES OF MAN
[10:11.87]Human achievements come in all shapes and sizes.
[10:16.93]Knocking tow rocks together can be just as important
[10:22.18]as sending a man to the moon.
[10:25.74]When ancient humans learnt to use stone tools and make fire,
[10:31.80]it meant the beginning of modern society.
[10:36.47]Later discoveries-bronze,iron,steam,electricity,to name a few
[10:44.94]-continued the development of society and shaped history.
[10:50.19]So important were these achievements that we often divide human history
[10:56.43]into time periods named after the latest technology of the time:
[11:02.91]the Stone Age,the Bronze Age,the Iron Age and so on.
[11:08.66]In modern times,
[11:11.82]scientific achievements have continued to drive the development of society.
[11:18.19]The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
[11:22.34]saw the widespread use of electricity
[11:26.71]and the birth of the steam engine.
[11:30.55]leading to factories and cities as we know them today.
[11:35.59]It was also the beginning
[11:39.04]of public education and the modern branches of science.
[11:44.91]The twentieth century brought us cars,nuclear power and space exploration,
[11:52.07]and is sometimes called the "Atomic Age"or the "Space Age".
[11:58.73]Recently,the effect of computers and the Internet
[12:03.46]has given rise to the idea that we are living in the "Information Age".
[12:10.23]The connection between science and society is easy to see.
[12:15.48]Whatever the "age",
[12:19.13]each time period is shaped by the latest and most advanced technology.
[12:25.20]Scientific achievements also lead to new discoveries and inventions.
[12:31.15]In some cases,new technology makes it possible for scientists
[12:37.39]to answer questions and solve problems that once were too difficult.
[12:43.93]With more and better information,scientists can develop new theories,
[12:50.30]which in turn lead to future scientific achievements.
[12:55.76]The wheel of scientific development keeps on turning.
[13:00.80]It takes time for a new technology to enter everyday life.
[13:06.47]In most cases,the first to use it are governments and businesses.
[13:12.63]For example,electricity was first used in factories
[13:18.38]and did not become available to homes until several years later.
[13:24.26]The same was true for computers and cellphones.
[13:28.93]In the early days,computers were so large,expensive and difficult to use
[13:36.20]that only government and industry experts could use them.
[13:40.92]Soon,however,the technology became cheaper
[13:46.07]and programmes were developed for people who had little or no training.
[13:52.03]New technologies also show the role
[13:56.28]and importance of scientific achievements in society.
[14:01.64]At first,a new technology is seen as rare and valuable resource
[14:08.30]that can strengthen a country and its economy.
[14:12.74]Later on,scientists and businessmen develop products
[14:18.80]that can be bought and used by ordinary consumers.
[14:23.84]At the same time,it becomes easier and cheaper to make the products,
[14:30.11]which means that more people can afford to buy
[14:34.84]products using the new technology.
[14:38.79]The computer chip is perhaps the best example.
[14:43.64]When it was first developed,a computer chip was very expensive
[14:49.70]and could only be made by a small group of experts in developed countries.
[14:55.87]Today,the technology is well known
[15:00.44]and computer chips are made in factories all over the world.
[15:05.80]Our ability to understand and use new technologies
[15:11.13]has also developed over the years.
[15:15.17]Science has become perhaps the most important field of study
[15:20.63]and many governments view science and technology
[15:25.39]as key to the development of a country.
[15:29.65]Schools and universities pay special attention to modern technology,
[15:35.39]both as subjects to study and as tools for teaching .
[15:41.24]In China,as in most countries,provinces and cities build"technology parks",
[15:48.90]such as Zhongguancun,to make sure that companies
[15:54.54]and customers can benefit from the latest advances in science.
[16:00.50]By supporting research and development,
[16:04.65]a government can make new technologies and products available to us
[16:10.81]faster and lower cost.
[16:15.18]We have come a long way since the earlier days of humankind,
[16:20.82]but new discoveries are important as ever.
[16:25.36]Whatever the next"age"may be,
[16:29.52]it is sure to change our life and the way we understand the world and ourselves. |