大学英语自学教程下UNIT7(在线收听) |
[00:00.00]Unit 7 text A Leisure and Leadership [00:03.75] 休闲与引导 [00:07.50]Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies [00:11.47]观察和研究结果表明,先进工业社会中 [00:15.44]are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure [00:18.68]人们越来越关心休闲机会 [00:21.92]and what they can do in their leisure time. [00:24.44]和在休闲时间里做些什么. [00:26.96]The importance people attach to paid holidays [00:29.69]其标志是人们认为带薪休假 [00:32.42]and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation [00:36.14]和众多娱乐,休养服务的快速发展很重要. [00:39.86]are signs of this increasing concern. [00:44.72]The term "quality of life" is difficult to define. [00:47.91] "生活质量"这个词很难定义. [00:51.10]It covers a very wide scope such as living environment health,employment, [00:55.47]它饮食的范围很广,诸如生活环境,健康,职业, [00:59.85]food,family life,friends,education,material possessions leisure [01:04.42]食品,家庭生活,朋友,教育,物质财富, [01:08.99]leisure and recreation,and so on. [01:11.95]休闲和休养等等. [01:14.92]Generally speaking,the quality of life especially as seen by the individual, [01:18.64]一般来说,生活质量,特别是在个人看来,其意义 [01:22.36]is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life [01:26.33]是邮在多大程度上这些不同的生活领域 [01:30.31]are available or provide satisfaction to the individual. [01:33.54]可以被个人享受或可以使个人满意来衡量的. [01:36.78]As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time [01:40.47] 作为在休闲时进行的自己认为适当的活动, [01:44.15]leisure has the following functions: [01:46.49]休闲具有下列功能: [01:48.83]relaxation recreation and entertainment,and personal development. [01:52.60]放松,休养和娱乐,以及个人的发展. [01:56.38]The importance of these varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life-style. [02:00.35]其重要性随着一个人的工作性质,生活方式的不同而不同. [02:04.32]Thus,people who need to exert much energy in their work [02:07.26]因此,需要在工作上花费很多精力的人们 [02:10.19]will find relaxation most desirable in leisure. [02:13.13]会发现休闲中的放松更大有益处. [02:16.07]Those with a better education and in professional occupations [02:19.34]那些受过教育从事专业工作的人们 [02:22.60]may tend more to seek recreationand personal development [02:26.13]可能更倾向于在休闲时寻求休养和个人发展 [02:29.66](e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure. [02:33.04](例如:技术和业余爱好的培养). [02:36.42]The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. [02:39.60] 休闲的具体用途,人与人各不相同. [02:42.77]Even the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals. [02:46.54]即使同一种休闲活动,不同人用起来也不同. [02:50.32]Thus,the following are possible uses of television watching [02:56.77]a popular leisure activity: [02:58.85]这样,以下是电视,一种流行的休闲活动的几种可能的用途: [03:00.92]a change of experience to provide "escape" from the stress and strain of work; [03:05.20]改变感受,从压力和紧张中"逃脱"出来, [03:09.47]to learn more about what is happening in one's environment; [03:12.29]更多地了解周围环境中正在发生的事情; [03:15.11]to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself [03:17.84]提供一个了解自己的机会, [03:20.57]by comparing other people's life experiences as portrayed in the programmes. [03:24.04]通过与节目中所描述的他人的生活阅历比较中. [03:27.52]In an urban society in which highly structured, [03:30.40] 在城市社会里,结构严密,步调迅速, [03:33.29]fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life, [03:37.36]充满压力的工作笼罩着人们的生活, [03:41.44]experiences of a different nature,be it television watching or bird-watching, [03:45.16]某种不同性质的经历,不管是看电视还是看鸟, [03:48.88]can lead to a self-renewal and a more"balanced"way of life [03:53.01]都能导致自我更大新和一种"平衡"的生活方式. [03:57.14]Since leisure is basically self-determined [03:59.78]由于休闲基本上是自己决定的事, [04:02.42]one is able to take to one's interests and preferences [04:05.89]个人就可以培养自己的兴趣和爱好, [04:09.36]and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction. [04:12.94]并以能为自己带来享受和满足的方式从事某项活动. [04:16.52]Our likes and dislikes,tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books, [04:21.39] 我们的好恶,口味和爱好,构成了我们这些选择的基础, [04:26.27]going to the cinema,camping,or certain cultural pursuits, [04:29.28]如读书,看电影,野营,某种文化追求. [04:32.30]are all related to social contexts and learning experiences. [04:35.92]它们都与社会背景和学习经历有关[04:39.54]We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families [04:46.30]schools,jobs,and the mass media. [04:48.48]我们从家庭,学校,工作和大众传播媒介中获得对各种事物的兴趣. [04:50.66]Basically,such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure [04:54.44]基本上说,这种态度就是 [04:58.21]is an important area of life [05:00.64]承认休闲是生活的一个重要方面, [05:03.07]and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use. [05:06.51]相信休闲能够并且应该得到充分利用. [05:09.94]Professional workers in recreation services,too,will find that [05:13.52] 从事娱乐业的专业工作者发现, [05:17.10]to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential [05:21.07]使公众具有积极的态度对待休闲, [05:25.04]for motivating them to use their leisure in creative [05:27.72]对促进他们以创造性的满意方式利用闲暇时间十分必要. [05:30.40]and satisfying ways. [05:35.05]Hence,it can be argued [05:37.33]因此我们认为 [05:39.62]that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts [05:43.30]在各种环境下与我们接触的人 [05:46.98]are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes [05:50.56]都可能对形成我们的看法,兴趣, [05:54.14]interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure. [05:57.26]甚至如何对待休闲的方法产生影响. [06:00.39]Influence of this kind is a form of leadership. [06:03.36]这种影响是一种引导方式. [06:06.34]Parents,teachers in schools,work associates and communicators in or using [06:10.52] 父母,学校里的教师,同事和 [06:14.70]the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests [06:18.33]大众传播媒介的传播工作者都能唤起起我们的潜在兴趣. [06:21.96]For example,the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, [06:26.80]例如:学校鼓励参加游戏,运动和文化娱乐的程度和方式 [06:31.63]sports and cultural pursuits are likely [06:37.69]to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students. [06:41.52]可能对形成学生对待休闲的态度起一定的作用. [06:45.34]Schools usually set as their educational objective [06:51.51]the attainment of a balanced development of the person. [06:54.54] 学校通常把人的平衡发展列入教育目标. [06:57.57]The more seriously this is sought, [06:59.79]越认真地追求这个目标, [07:02.01]the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure [07:07.36]as well as academic work will be encouraged. [07:09.95]就越可能激发人们对休闲和学术研究的积极态度. [07:12.54]Text B The Time Message [07:15.06] 时间信息 [07:17.58]You may have been exposed to this idea before but this time try to hear. [07:20.56]以前你可能听说过这个观点,这次你不妨再听一听. [07:23.53]There is a message that is trying to reach you, [07:25.01]有一条信息要送给你,而且重要的是, [07:26.48]and it is important that it get through loud and clear. [07:28.67]这条信息响亮而清楚地传送到你的耳朵. [07:30.85]The message? Time management! [07:32.98]信息? 时间安排! [07:35.11]Time is elusive and tricky. [07:36.88] 时间难以捉摸,稍纵即逝. [07:38.66]It is the easiest thing in the world to waste the most difficult to control. [07:41.74]它是世界上最容易浪费的东西---最难支配. [07:44.82]When you look ahead, it may appear you have more than you need. [07:47.50]当你展望未来时,似乎你的时间比需要的还多. [07:50.18]Yet it has a way of slipping through your fingers like quicksand. [07:52.61]不过,它会像流沙一样从手中悄然流逝. [07:55.04]You may suddenly find that there is no way to stretch the little time you have left to cover all your obligations. [07:58.97]你可能突然发现你无法处长所剩的一点点时间去完成你所有的职责. [08:02.90]For example,as a beginning student looking ahead to a full term [08:05.88]例如:像一个刚开学的学生展望整个学期, [08:08.86]you may feel that you have an oversupply of time on your hands. [08:11.38]你可能会觉得你手头有太多的时间, [08:13.90]But toward the end of the term you may panic because time is running out [08:16.68]但到了期末你可能因为时间已悄然而逝而恐慌. [08:19.46]The answer?Control! [08:21.39]答案是什么呢? 支配时间! [08:23.33]Time is dangerous. If you don't control it,it will control you [08:26.15] 时间是危险的.如果你不支配它,它就会支配你. [08:28.97]If you don't make it work for you,it will work against you. [08:31.45]如果你不使它为你工作,它就会和你对着干. [08:33.93]You must become the master of time,not the servant. [08:36.31]你必须成为时间的主人,而不是仆人. [08:38.69]Study hard and play hard is an old proverb,but it still makes sense. [08:41.67]努力学习,尽兴玩乐是一句古老的谚语,但今天它依然有意义. [08:44.64]You have plenty of time for classes,study,work,and play [08:50.70]if you use your time properly. [08:52.43]如果你合理利用时间,你就会有充足的时间上课,学习,工作和娱乐[08:54.15]It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts [08:56.52]你安排多少时间学习并不重要, [08:58.88]but how much you learn when you do study. [09:00.92]重要的是你学习时学到多少东西. [09:02.96]Too much wasted time is bad medicine. [09:05.08] 时间严重浪费,就像得病吃了不能治病的药一样. [09:07.21]The more time you waste,the easier it is to continue wasting time [09:10.15]倾斜角浪费的时间越多,就越容易继续浪费时间. [09:13.09]Soon,doing nothing becomes a habit you can't break.It becomes a drug. [09:16.62]很快,无所事事便成为你难以打破的习惯.它成为一种麻醉剂, [09:20.14]When this happens, [09:21.57]当这些发生时, [09:22.99]you lose your feeling of accomplishment and you fall by the wayside. [09:25.67]你会丧失进取心,半途而废. [09:28.35]A full schedule is a good schedule. [09:30.32]一个完善的时间表才是一份好的时间表. [09:32.29]Some students refuse to hear the time message. [09:34.65] 一些学生拒绝倾听时间信息. [09:37.02]They refuse to accept the fact that college life demands some degreeof time control. [09:40.15]他们拒绝接受大学生活需要在一定程度上支配时间这一事实, [09:43.29]There is no escape.So what's the next step? [09:45.81]这是无法逃避的现实.那么下一步是什么呢? [09:48.33]If you seriously wish to get the time message, [09:50.55]如果你的确希望得到时间信息, [09:52.77]this passage will give it to you, [09:54.51]这一章将会告诉你. [09:56.24]Remember--it will not only improve your grades [09:58.73]记住---它不但会提高你的分数, [10:01.21]but also free you to enjoy college life more. [10:03.44]而且使你更轻松地享受大学生活. [10:05.68]Message 1. Time is valuable- control it from the beginning. [10:08.71] 信息1. 时间珍贵,从一开始就支配它. [10:11.74]Time is today,not tomorrow or next week. [10:14.22] 时间就是今天,并非明天或下星期. [10:16.70]Start your plan at the beginning of the term [10:18.83]在学期的开始就开始你的计划, [10:20.96]and readjust it with each new project. [10:22.98]随着每一新项目的出现而重新调整. [10:25.01]Thus you can spread your work time around a little. [10:27.42]因而能伸展你的少量工作时间. [10:29.84]Message 2. Get the notebook habit. [10:32.32] 信息 2.养成记笔记的习惯. [10:34.80]Go and buy a pocket-size notebook. [10:36.83]去买一本袖珍笔记本. [10:38.85]There are many varieties of these special notebooks. [10:41.08]这类特别的笔记本有好多种. [10:43.32]Select the one you like best. [10:45.15]选择一种你最喜欢的, [10:46.97]Use it to schedule your study time each day. [10:49.10]用它来列出你每天的学习时间表. [10:51.23]You can also use it to note important dates, [10:53.41]你还可以用它记录重要的日期, [10:55.59]appointments,addresses and telephone numbers. [10:58.02]约会,地址和电话号码. [11:00.45]Keep it with you at all times. [11:02.23]时刻都把它带在身边. [11:04.01]Message 3. Prepare a weekly study schedule. [11:06.83] 信息 3.准备一份周学习时间表. [11:09.65]The main purpose of the notebook is to help you prepare a weekly study schedule. [11:12.84]笔记本的主要目的是帮你准备一份周学习时间表. [11:16.02]Once prepared,follow the same pattern every week with minor adjustments. [11:19.25]一旦准备好了,每周都要按照相同的模式进行,只做微小的调整. [11:22.48]Sunday is an excellent day to make up your schedule for the following week. [11:25.31]星期日是为下一周制定时间表的极好的时间. [11:28.14]Write in your class schedule first. [11:30.02]先写进去你的上课计划, [11:31.91]Add your work hours, if any. [11:33.79]把工作时间也写,如果有的话. [11:35.67]Then write in the hours each day you feel you must allocate for study [11:38.61]然后写上你认为每天必须分配给学习的时间. [11:41.54]Keep it simple. [11:42.92]要简单些. [11:44.29]Message 4. Be realistic. [11:46.57]信息4. 要现实些. [11:48.86]When you plan time for these things,be realistic.Don't underestimate. [11:51.84]你为这些事情计划时间时,要现实一些,不要少估时间. [11:54.81]Overestimate,if possible, [11:56.73]如果可能的话,把时间估计得长一些, [11:58.65]so that emergencies that arise don't hang you up. [12:01.08]以便再现紧急情况时,不致耽搁你的工作. [12:03.51]Otherwise your entire routine may get thrown off balance [12:06.30]否则的话,你全部日常工作可能会失去平衡, [12:09.08]while you devote night and day to crash efforts. [12:11.36]当你日日夜夜致力于应急工作时. [12:13.65]Message 5. Make study time fit the course. [12:16.38]信息 5.使学习时间与课程相协调. [12:19.11]How much study time you schedule for each classroom hour depends on four factors: [12:22.28] 你为每一次上课时间安排多长时间依赖于四个因素: [12:25.46](l)your ability,(2)the difficulty of the class [12:29.58](1)你的能力; (2)课程的难度; [12:33.71](3)the grades you hope to achieve,and (4) how well you use your study time. [12:38.54](3)你希望达到的等级; (4)你利用学习时间的好坏[12:43.38]One thing,however,is certain: [12:45.26]不过有一件是确定的: [12:47.14]you should schedule a minimum of one hour of study for each classroom hour. [12:50.17]第一次上课时间你至少安排一小时, [12:53.20]In many cases, more will be required. [12:55.48]许多情况下可能需要更多一些. [12:57.77]Message 6. Keep your schedule flexible. [13:00.29]信息6. 使你的日程表有弹性. [13:02.81]A good schedule must have a little give [13:05.15]一份好的日程表必须有一点弹性, [13:07.49]so that special projects can be taken care of properly. [13:09.85]使特别的项目能得到适当的处理. [13:12.22]Think out and prepare your schedule each week [13:14.24]深思熟虑,准备你每周的时间表, [13:16.26]and do not become a slave to an inflexible pattern. [13:18.79]不要成为不可改变模式的奴隶. [13:21.31]Adjust it as you deem necessary. [13:23.23]你认为必要时就加以调整. [13:25.15]Message 7. Study first--fun later. [13:27.97] 信息7. 先学习,后娱乐. [13:30.79]You will enjoy your fun time more [13:34.45]after you have completed your study responsibilities. [13:36.93]完成你的学习任务后,你就会更大好地享受娱乐时间. [13:39.41]So,where possible,schedule your study hours in advance of fun activities. [13:43.18]因此,在可能的时候,把你的学习时间安排在娱乐活动之前. [13:46.96]Message 8. Study some each class day. [13:49.48]信息8.每个学习日都要学一点. [13:52.00]Some concentrated study each day [13:54.08]每天做一些集中精力的学习 [13:56.15]is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next. [13:58.94]比一天学好几个小时,第二天却不学要好. [14:01.72]As you work out your individual schedule, [14:03.76]制定你的时间表时, [14:05.79]attempt to include a minimum of two study hours each day. [14:08.31]试着每天安排至少两个小时的学习时间. [14:10.83]This will not only keep the study habit alive [14:13.07]这样将不但保持学习习惯, [14:15.30]but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects. [14:17.93]而且可以使你了解你的课程任务和项目的当前情况. [14:20.55]Few beginning freshmen can control their time effectively without a written schedule, [14:23.58]没有几个初学的新生不写下日程表就能有效地支配他们的时间的. [14:26.61]so why kid yourself into thinking you don't need one? [14:28.83]那么,为什么要哄骗自己,认为你不需要一份日程表呢? [14:31.05]You do.Later on,when you have had more experience [14:34.03]你仍是需要的.当你有了更多的经验 [14:37.01]and you have the time-control habit,you may be able to operate without it. [14:39.93]有了支配时间的习惯,你才可能不用时间表而进行学习. [14:42.86]Of course the schedule is only the first step. [14:45.15]当然,日程表只是第一步. [14:47.43]Once you have it prepared,you must stick with it and follow it faithfully. [14:50.76]一旦你准备好了日程表,你必须踏实地坚持,遵从. [14:54.09]You must push away the many temptations [14:56.17]你必须抵御经常存在的许多诱惑, [14:58.25]that are always presentor your schedule is useless. [15:00.91]否则你的日程表就没用了. [15:03.58]Your schedule will give you control only if you make it work. [15:06.54]只有让你的时间表起作用,它才能支配你的时间. |
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