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38 美国著名流行音乐作曲家史蒂芬·福斯特
DATE=5-20-01
TITLE=PEOPLE IN AMERICA #1822 - STEPHEN FOSTER
BYLINE=SHELLEY GOLLUST
Voice one:
I'm Shirley Griffith
. Voice two:
And I'm Steve ember with the VOA special English program people in America. Today, we tell about Stephen foster, America's first popular （1）professional （2）songwriter.
(Music Bridge).
Voice one:
You may have heard the old (3) traditional American songs "oh! Susanna," camp town races "and" my old Kentucky home. But do you know who wrote them? Stephen foster. He wrote those and more than two hundred other songs during the eighteen-forties and eighteen-fifties.
His best songs have become part of America's （4）cultural history. They have become Americans （5）folk songs. Many people in America learned to sing these songs when they were children. Most Americans can sing these songs today.
Voice two:
Stephen Collins foster was born on July fourth, eighteen-twenty-six in what is now part of the city of （6）Pittsburgh, in the northeastern state of Pennsylvania. He was the ninth child of William and Eliza Foster. He did not have much musical training. But he had a great natural ability for music. He taught himself to play several musical （7）instruments. He could play any music just by listening to it.
Stephen foster began writing songs when he was fourteen. In eighteen- forty- seven, he wrote his first successful song, "oh! Susanna."
Ken Emerson wrote a book about Stephen Foster. It is called doo-dah! Stephen foster and the rise of "American popular culture. Mister Emerson says "oh! Susanna" was the first （8）internationally popular song written by an American that everyone can still （9）recognize and sing today.
((Music cut #1: "oh! Susanna"))
Voice one:
Stephen Foster married Jane McDowell in eighteen-fifty. He wrote many new songs. Some of them were about love. One of the best known is "Jeanie with the light （10）brown hair." He wrote it for his wife when they were （11）separated.
((Music cut #2: "Jeanie with the light brown hair."))
Voice two:
Stephen Foster wrote almost thirty songs for （12）minstrel shows. Minstrel shows became popular in the United States in the eighteen-forties. White （13）entertainers blackened their faces and performed as if they were black entertainers. Minstrel shows included music, dance and comedy. The shows were performed in almost every major American city, especially in the northeast. One of Foster's songs written for minstrel shows is "camp town races." Today, it is a popular song for children.
((Music cut #3: "camp town races"))
Voice one:
Minstrel songs described the culture of black American slaves in the southern states. Yet Foster did not really know anything about this subject. He lived in Pittsburgh for most of his life. He visited the south only once. However, some experts say Foster's minstrel songs showed he did understand how black people in the south lived before the civil war. The people in Foster's songs love their families and work hard. Now, however, some of his songs are judged insulting to African-Americans. So, music （14）publishers have changed some of the words. And a few of his songs are no longer sung. Voice two:
In eighteen-fifty, Foster made an （15）agreement with the leader of a successful minstrel group, e. P. Christy. The agreement meant that Christy's minstrels had the right to perform every new song foster wrote. Foster also （16）permitted Christy to name himself as the writer of the song "old folks at home." This became one of most successful songs written by Stephen Foster. It became the official song of the state of Florida in nineteen- thirty- five. It also is known as "way down upon the Swanee River."
((Music cut #4: "old folks at home"))
Voice one:
Stephen foster wrote other songs about home and （17）memories of times past. In his book, Ken Emerson says foster wrote songs about home in part because he almost never lived in one home for long. His father lost all his money when Stephan was a boy. So Stephen was forced to live with many different family members. Although Foster lived in the north, some of his songs suggest a desire to be back home in the American south.
Voice two: "My old Kentucky home" is an example. Mister Emerson says foster wrote the song in honor of Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery book, Uncle Tom's cabin. "My old Kentucky home" expresses great sympathy for enslaved African Americans. The black anti-slavery activist Frederick Douglass praised the song. It later became the official song of the state of Kentucky.
((Music cut #5: "my old Kentucky home"))
Voice one:
Stephen Foster was America's first full-time professional songwriter. He was a good songwriter. But he was a poor businessman. He sold many of his most famous songs for very little money. He was not able to support his wife and daughter.
In eighteen-sixty, he moved to New York City. His songs were not as popular as they had been. His marriage had ended. He had no money. For most of his life, he drank large amounts of alcohol. He died on January thirteenth, eighteen- sixty- four. He was only thirty-seven years old.
Voice two:
Stephen Foster was honored in several ways after his death. He was the first musician to be （18）nominated to the hall of fame for great Americans. And he was the first American composer whose complete works were published together. Each year, on the (19) anniversary of his death, people in Pittsburgh gather to remember Stephen Foster. They go to the church he attended as a child. They attend a show that （20）honors him. Then they visit his burial place.
The end of Stephen Foster's life was sad. But his songs have brought happiness to many people. One of his last songs was one of the most beautiful. It is called "beautiful dreamer."
((Music cut #6: "beautiful dreamer"))
Voice one:
This special English program was written by Shelley Gollust, it was produced by Lawan Davis, I'm Shirley Griffith.
("Beautiful Dreamer" instead of closing theme)
Voice two:
And I'm Steve ember. Join us again next week for another people in America program on the voice of America.
注释：
（1） professional[ prE5feFEnl ]n.自由职业者adj.专业的, 职业的
（2） songwriter [5sRN7rait[]n. 歌曲作家，歌曲作者
（3） traditional[trE5dIFEn(E)l]adj.传统的, 惯例的
（4） cultural[5kQltFEr(E)l]adj.文化的
（5） folk[ fEuk ]n.人们, 亲属(复数)adj.民间的
（6） Pittsburgh[ 5pitsbE:^ ]n.匹兹堡（美国宾西法尼亚州西南部城市, 是美国的钢铁工业中心）
（7） instrument[ 5instrumEnt ]n.工具, 手段
（8） international[ 7intE(:)5nAFEnEl ]adj.国际的, 世界的
（9） recognize[ 5rekE^naiz ]v.认可, 承认
（10） brown[ braun ]n.褐色adj.褐色的, 棕色的v.(使)成褐色, 晒黑
（11） separate[ 5sepEreit ]adj.分开的, 分离的
（12） minstrel[ 5minstrEl ]n.吟游诗人(或歌手)
（13） entertainer[entE5teInE(r)]n.款待者, 表演娱乐节目的人
（14） publisher[5pQblIFE(r)]n.出版者, 发行人
（15） agreement[ E5^ri:mEnt ]n.同意, 一致
（16） permit[ pE(:)5mit ]n.通行证, 许可证, 执照v.许可, 允许, 准许
（17） memory[ 5memEri ]n.记忆, 记忆力
（18） nominate[ 5nCmineit ]v.提名, 推荐
（19） anniversary[ 7Ani5vE:sEri ]n.周年纪念
（20） honor[ 5CnE ]n.尊敬, 敬意, 荣誉, 光荣v.尊敬, 给以荣誉
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