[00:02.60]第四单元 喂养世界
[00:05.20]Lesson 13
[00:06.82]第十三课
[00:08.44]1 Dialogue
[00:10.32]1 对话
[00:12.20]Wang Bing (WB) and Carl are having lunch in a cafe in Los Angeles.
[00:15.93]王彬和卡尔在洛杉矶的一个咖啡馆里面吃午餐。
[00:19.67]WB:Hi,Carl.Have you ordered yet?
[00:21.85]王彬：嗨，卡尔。你点菜了吗？
[00:24.03]CARL:No,I'm just looking at the menu.Are you hungry?
[00:26.85]卡尔：不，我正看着菜单，你饿了吗？
[00:29.68]WB:Yes,I sure am.I got up late and went without breakfast
[00:32.01]王彬：是的，我饿了.我早上起来晚了,没有吃早餐。
[00:34.35]Right now I could eat an ox.
[00:36.23]现在我要吃下一头牛。
[00:38.11]CARL:OK.I'll get the waiter.
[00:40.03]卡尔：好的。我去叫服务员。
[00:41.95]A few moments later
[00:43.77]过了一会，
[00:45.58]WAITRESS:Just let me wipe your table and then I'll take your order.OK?
[00:48.60]服务员：让我来擦擦你们的桌子，然后我就下你们的单，好吗？
[00:51.62]CARL:I'll have a ham salad,please.
[00:53.64]卡尔：我要一个火腿沙拉。
[00:55.67]WB:And I'll have a hot dog,with a potato salad.
[00:58.04]王彬：我要一个热狗加西红柿沙拉。
[01:00.42]WAITRESS:Anything to follow?
[01:02.34]服务员：接下去还要点什么吗？CARL:Banana ice cream with hot c
[01:04.26]CARL:Banana ice cream with hot chocolate sauce for me please.
[01:06.99]卡尔:一个香蕉冰淇淋加热的巧克力沙司。
[01:09.72]WB:I'll have apple pie with ice cream and jam sauce.
[01:12.66]王彬:我要一个苹果派加冰淇淋和果酱沙司。
[01:15.60]WAITRESS:OK.
[01:18.16]CARL:So how are you,Wang Bing?Are you excited about your new job?
[01:21.65]卡尔:王彬,你好吗?你对你新的工作满意吗?
[01:25.13]WB:Yes,I'll start work at the Farm Institute next month.
[01:28.10]王彬:是的,我下个月将到农业学院去工作.
[01:31.06]I'm looking forward to that.
[01:32.73]我很期待它的到来.
[01:34.41]My only regret is that it's quite a long way from all my friends.
[01:37.35]惟一的遗撼就是离我的朋友们太远了.
[01:40.28]CARL:All the same,I expect you'll enjoy coming into town now and again.
[01:43.81]卡尔:同样,我希望你时不时进城
[01:47.34]WB:Yes.I'd like to invite you to dinner at my flat before I move.
[01:50.67]王彬:是的.我想在我搬之前邀请你到我的公寓来与我共餐.
[01:54.00]CARL:That would be nice.Let's fix a date.
[01:56.28]卡尔:那太好了.让我们定个时间吧.
[01:58.57]Lesson 14
[02:02.80]第十四课
[02:07.03]2 Reading comprehension
[02:09.16]2 阅读理解
[02:11.29]FEED THE WORLD (1)
[02:13.32]喂养世界
[02:15.34]Agriculture first started about 10,000 years ago
[02:18.16]农业首先开始在大约10.000年前.
[02:20.98]when people began to grow crops in the river valleys of the Nile in Egypt,
[02:24.31]当人们在埃及的泥罗河的河流域那里开始种植庄稼时,
[02:27.64]in the middle East and in India.
[02:29.92]在中东和印度.
[02:32.19]Today farming employs more people than any other type of work.
[02:35.43]如今农场雇用比其他工作的人多.
[02:38.67]It is thought that one billion people,that is half the world's workers,
[02:42.49]一般认为,目前有十亿人即世界人口的半数,
[02:46.32]earn their living by farming.
[02:48.20]是以农业为生的.
[02:50.08]The problem is how to feed a growing world population of 5.7 billion.
[02:54.41]问题是怎样喂养不断增长的世界人口57亿.
[02:58.73]For one thing,two thirds of the earth's surface is water,
[03:02.01]首先,地球表面上三分之二是水,
[03:05.29]although this does provide a lot of food in the form of fish.
[03:07.56]尽管这给我们提供大量的食物.
[03:09.83]Only about 11% of the earth's land surface is suitable for growing crops.
[03:13.70]只有大约11%的土地才适合种植庄稼.
[03:17.56]And this area is becoming smaller day by day.
[03:20.75]这些土地日复一日地变得越来越小.
[03:23.94]In China there is only 7% of the land used for growing crops,
[03:27.41]在中国只有7%的土地可用来种庄稼.
[03:30.89]which feed more than one-forth of the world population.
[03:33.56]喂养世界人口的四分之一的人.
[03:36.24]That is why the Chinese people are making great efforts to protect their farmland
[03:39.82]那就是中国人为什么那么努力,在保护他们的农田
[03:43.40]and increase agricultural production.
[03:45.62]和增加他们的农产品.
[03:47.84]Farmland is being lost for several reasons
[03:50.37]农田流失有几个原因.
[03:52.91]First,it is being built on.
[03:55.04]第一,人们正在耕地上搞建筑.
[03:57.17]Second,when wind and rain have removed a lot of the soil,
[04:00.50]第二,风和雨冲走大量的泥土,
[04:03.83]no more crops can be grown on this land.
[04:06.26]在这土地上没有庄稼可以种植了.
[04:08.69]Third,a lot of irrigated land has become too salty to grow plants.
[04:12.26]第三,大量的水田变得含盐太高以至不能种植.
[04:15.84]Also,it is well known that pests continue to eat crops,causing damage.
[04:19.87]同样的,我们很清楚昆虫不断地吃庄稼,使它们受到损坏.
[04:23.89]The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)
[04:28.46]联合国粮食和农业组织
[04:33.03]has worked out that up to 30% of food is lost in storage.
[04:36.36]已经解决了达到30%流失的食物贮藏起来.
[04:39.69]Food stores are frequently ruined by rain or damp,or eaten by mice.
[04:43.66]粮库经常被雨水或潮湿毁灭或被老鼠吃掉.
[04:47.63]In a word,hunger is a big problem in the world today.
[04:50.61]总而言之,挨饿是今天一个大问题.
[04:53.59]No one is sure how many people are hungry,
[04:55.97]没有人确定有多少人在挨饿.
[04:58.34]but it is thought that 500 million people in the world
[05:01.17]但是想想看,世界上有50亿人
[05:03.99]do not have enough to eat,
[05:05.72]没有足够的粮食吃,
[05:07.46]that is about one in ten.
[05:09.59]那就是大约十分之一.
[05:11.72]Every year about 40 million people starve to death.
[05:14.84]每一年大约有4000万有死于挨饿.
[05:17.96]Various things can be done to increase the food supply in the world.
[05:20.90]在世界上有不同的方法可以增大食品的供应量.
[05:23.84]The area of farmland can be increased by irrigation.
[05:26.62]在农田这一块可以用灌溉来提高.
[05:29.40]Take the Aswan Dam in Egypt for example,
[05:31.78]例如用阿斯旺水坝,
[05:34.16]where desert land can now be used for growing crops.
[05:36.68]沙漠地区就可以用来种庄稼了.
[05:39.20]The same has happened in the west of the USA particularly for the growing of fruit
[05:42.99]在美国的西部也这样做尤其是种水果.
[05:46.78]Farmers can increase their corn crops three times simply by watering their fields.
[05:50.65]农民们灌溉他们的农田可以增加他们的农产品至三倍.
[05:54.53]In Europe,Holland continues to increase its area of farmland
[05:58.01]在欧洲,荷兰不断地增加他们的农田.
[06:01.48]by pumping water from low-lying areas.
[06:03.82]从低洼地区泵水.
[06:06.16]Scientists continue to develop new types of plants which produce heavier crops.
[06:09.88]科学家们不断地发展新的品种来增加他们的收获.
[06:13.60]They are also developing new types of plants
[06:15.94]他们也发展新的庄稼品种
[06:18.28]that can be grown in poor soil or even sand,
[06:21.10]可以在贫瘠土壤甚至沙子上种植.
[06:23.92]and that are less likely to be attacked by pests and diseases.
[06:27.00]还有昆虫和疾病不喜欢攻击的特性.
[06:30.09]Lesson 15
[06:34.87]第十五课
[06:39.65]1 Reading comprehension
[06:41.99]1 阅读理解
[06:44.32]FEED THE WORLD (2)
[06:46.24]喂养世界
[06:48.16]What can be done in order to make sure that no one in the world goes hungry?
[06:51.85]为了保证世界上没有人挨饿,人们可以做些什么呢?
[06:55.53]Generally speaking,the human race has the information and experience to do this.
[06:59.62]一般而言,人类种族有资料和经验来做这些.
[07:03.71]However,humans have so far not been wise enough to make correct decisions.
[07:07.64]然而,到目前为止人类还不够明智的作出正确的决定.
[07:11.57]In the European Union (EU),where 81% of the land is farmed,
[07:15.75]在欧盟,81%的土地已用于耕作,
[07:19.93]there is plenty of food,in fact often too much.
[07:23.05]那有很多食物,事实上经常太多.
[07:26.17]Farmers have the right to sell their crops to the EU.
[07:28.76]农民有权力把他们的农产品卖给欧盟.
[07:31.34]For example,if the apple harvest is very good
[07:34.27]例如,如果苹果大丰收
[07:37.20]and there are so many apples on the market that farmers cannot sell them,
[07:40.43]市面上就会有太多的苹果农民无法卖出去,
[07:43.67]the EU will buy apples from the farmers and throw them away.
[07:47.06]欧盟就会从农民那里买走然后把它们扔掉.
[07:50.44]And the fact that farmers are also paid by the EU
[07:53.38]同时,农民们也从欧盟那里得到付款
[07:56.32]for not growing crops surprises many people.
[07:58.89]很多不种庄稼的人.
[08:01.46]If they leave some of their fields free and do not plant anything,
[08:04.95]如果他们让他们的田地空着而不种上任何东西,
[08:08.44]they will still receive money from the EU.
[08:10.96]他们仍然可以从欧盟那里得到一些钱.
[08:13.48]There is a similar system in the USA.
[08:15.82]在美国也有同样的系统.
[08:18.16]It has been proved that the way to produce the most food
[08:20.83]事实证明,产粮最高的办法,
[08:23.51]is to let farmers grow crops either to feed their family or to sell,
[08:27.23]就是让农民自己决定种粮是供自家食用或出售,
[08:30.96]whichever they choose.
[08:32.54]无论他们选择哪一个.
[08:34.12]However,although this happens in China,
[08:36.40]然而,虽然这在中国实行了,
[08:38.69]it does not happen in some other countries,like India.
[08:41.81]但是在其他国家没有,就像印度.
[08:44.93]There,most of the land is owned by rich people
[08:47.57]在那里,大多数土地是属于有钱人的.
[08:50.21]who pay peasants very little money to work in the fields for them.
[08:53.17]他们付很少的钱给农民们为他们在地里干活.
[08:56.14]If the peasants could farm the land themselves,
[08:58.32]如果这些农民们可以自己经营农场,
[09:00.50]food production would be much higher.
[09:02.77]粮食的产量应该会高出很多.
[09:05.04]What is needed is a change in land ownership,and it has been suggested
[09:09.47]自己掌握土地的所有权需要什么呢? 那就意味着,
[09:13.90]that the land should be shared equally among the peasants.
[09:16.53]在农民们之间土地应该平分.
[09:19.15]The problem is that most politicians in India are landowners.
[09:22.53]问题是在印度大多数的政治家是土地的所有者.
[09:25.92]They would not vote to lose their land and wealth,
[09:28.40]他们是不会投票赞成使自己失去土地和财富的事的,
[09:30.88]even if it resulted in a fairer society.
[09:33.20]即使这样做的结果会产生一个较为平等到的社会.
[09:35.53]Many less-developed countries are in debt
[09:37.89]很多不发达的国家都负债
[09:40.26]because they borrowed money from richer countries
[09:42.60]因为他从发达的国家中借钱.
[09:44.93]in order to develop industry.
[09:47.01]为了发展工业.
[09:49.09]Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay this money.
[09:52.01]很不幸的是,他们发现很难还清这些钱.
[09:54.94]As a result,farmers are forced to plant "cash crops",like coffee,tea,cocoa,
[09:59.56]结果,农民们被迫种植商品作物,例如咖啡,茶,可可,
[10:04.19]nuts and tobacco that are sold abroad in order to pay off the country's debts.
[10:08.07]果仁和烟草卖给外国人,为了还清国债.
[10:11.94]The problem is that much of the land is used for crops
[10:14.67]问题是大多数的土地是用来种庄稼的
[10:17.40]that will never feed the population.
[10:19.53]将不再喂养人口.
[10:21.66]If fewer cash crops were grown,
[10:23.58]如果少种一些商品作物,
[10:25.50]more food could be produced and there would be less or no starvation.
[10:28.88]就会生产更多的粮食和更少或者说没有饥饿.
[10:32.27]Many western countries raise and butcher a large number of beef cattle.
[10:35.81]许多西方国家饲养并屠宰大量的肉牛.
[10:39.35]The problem with beef cattle is that 10 kilograms of grain
[10:42.43]问题是需要10公斤的谷物
[10:45.51]is needed to produce just one kilogram of meat.
[10:48.19]只产出一公斤的牛肉.
[10:50.87]In the USA,for example 75% of the grain is used to feed animals.
[10:54.99]例如在美国,有75%的粮食是用来喂养动物的.
[10:59.12]This grain could be used to feed humans,rather than animals.
[11:02.35]这些粮食用来喂养人类比喂养动物要好得多.
[11:05.57]However,in hilly,dry or mountainous areas where it is impossible to grow crops,
[11:09.96]然而,在山坡上,干燥的或是多山的地区是不可能种农作物的,
[11:14.35]it makes very good sense to keep sheep or goats.
[11:17.13]养绵羊和山羊是很有道理的.
[11:19.91]These provide milk, meat and wool,
[11:22.10]它们为我们提供牛奶,肉和羊毛,
[11:24.28]yet this does not take land away from food production.
[11:29.80]在生产食物的同时,它们不会带走土地 |