VOA慢速英语2010年-Development Report - Do-It-Yourself: P

This is the VOA Special English Development Report.

There are different ways to store fish. Two ways to keep fish for future use are canning and freezing. Two other methods are drying and smoking¹. Today we have the first of two reports describing, step by step, how to prepare dried or smoked fish.

Begin with fish that are just out of the water. If the fish are small, leave their heads on. Cut off the heads if the fish are longer than twenty centimeters or weigh more than one hundred fifteen grams².

Now clean the freshly caught fish. Cut off the scales³ and cut open the stomach. Remove everything inside. Then wash the fish in clean water and rub⁴ salt into them.

Next, put the fish in a container with a solution of three hundred grams of salt and one liter⁵ of water. This will remove the blood from the meat. Keep the fish in the saltwater for about thirty minutes. After that, wash them again in clean water.

Next, put the fish in a solution that has more salt in the water. The water should be salty enough so that the fish float to the top. If the fish sink to the bottom of the container, add more salt to the water.

Cover the container with a clean piece of wood. Place a heavy stone on the wood to hold it down. Leave the fish there for about six hours.

Men hang dried fish on a fence⁶ to be sold at a township near Cape⁷ Town, South Africa, in May

After that, remove them from the saltwater and place them on a clean surface. Cover the fish with a clean piece of white cloth and let them dry.

We are not done yet. We will discuss the next steps in drying fish next week. We will also describe the smoking process.

Another method of preparing fish is called dry salting. Wooden boxes or baskets are used for dry salting. After cleaning the fish, put a few of them on the bottom of the box or basket. Cover them with salt, then put more fish on top. Cover them also with salt. Continue putting fish and salt in the container until it is full.

Do not use too much salt when using the dry salting method. You should use one part salt to three parts fish. For example, if you have three kilograms⁹ of fish, you should use one kilogram⁸ of salt.

Remove the fish after a week or ten days. Wash them in a mixture of water and a small amount of salt and let them dry.

We have talked a lot about salt. Keep in mind that doctors advise people to limit the sodium¹⁰ in their diet. It can raise blood pressure, and some people have more of a reaction than others.

And that's the VOA Special English Development Report. Transcripts¹¹ and MP3 archives of our reports are at voaspecialenglish.com. I'm Barbara Klein.

 

1 smoking   

n.吸烟，抽烟；冒烟

参考例句：

• He was wise to give up smoking.他戒烟是明智的。
• He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking.他已决心戒烟、戒酒。

2 grams   

n.克( gram的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• People were existing on a hundred grams of bread a day. 人一天靠100克面包就能继续存活。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The gross weight of the box of chocolates is 500 grams. 那盒巧克力的全部重量是500克。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 scales   

n.刻度( scale的名词复数 )；水垢；比例（尺）；鱼鳞

参考例句：

• A fish's scales overlap each other. 鱼鳞一片片上下交叠。
• The new development turned the scales in favor of that school. 新的发展扭转了局面，对那所学校有利。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 rub   

n.摩擦，困难，障碍，难点，磨损处；vt.擦，搓，摩擦，惹怒；vi.摩擦，擦破

参考例句：

• Don't let the wire rub up against the pipe.别让电线碰到管子上。
• He used to rub up against many famous movie stars.他过去经常偶然碰到许多有名的影星。

5 liter   

n.升(容量单位)

参考例句：

• The bottle holds a liter of beer.这个瓶子装一升啤酒。
• I was so thirsty that I drank a liter of iced tea.我太渴了，竟然喝了一公升的冰茶。

6 fence   

n.围墙，剑术；v.用篱笆围住，练习剑术，防护；[计算机]栅栏

参考例句：

• They put a fence around the garden.他们在园子的周围建起了篱笆。
• The thief jumped himself over a fence and escaped.贼纵身跃过篱笆逃走了。

7 cape   

n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风

参考例句：

• I long for a trip to the Cape of Good Hope.我渴望到好望角去旅行。
• She was wearing a cape over her dress.她在外套上披着一件披肩。

8 kilogram   

n.千克，公斤(略作kg)

参考例句：

• Apple costs five dollars a kilogram.苹果每千克5美元。
• The kilogram is the international standard of weight.公斤是国际通用的重量标准。

9 kilograms   

n.千克( kilogram的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• 2 kilograms of rice 2公斤大米
• Every tonne of coal contains,on average,30 kilograms of nitrogen. 每吨煤平均含30公斤氮。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 sodium   

n.（化）钠

参考例句：

• Out over the town the sodium lights were lit.在外面，全城的钠光灯都亮了。
• Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.食盐是钠和氯的复合物。

11 transcripts   

n.抄本（ transcript的名词复数 ）；转写本；文字本；副本

参考例句：

• Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA. tRNA及rRNA同mRNA一样，都是染色体DNA的转录产物。 来自辞典例句
• You can't take the transfer students'exam without your transcripts. 没有成绩证明书，你就不能参加转学考试。 来自辞典例句