VOA慢速英语2011--Chronic Diseases an 'Impending Disaster'

Health Report - Chronic¹ Diseases an 'Impending² Disaster' for Some Nations

This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。
When we think of threats to public health, we often think of communicable diseases. But experts say non-communicable diseases -- those that do not spread from person to person -- are the leading killer³ today. These are often the result of poor diet, environmental influences including tobacco and alcohol use, or genetics.
提起对公众健康的威胁，我们通常会想到传染性疾病。但专家表示，非传染性疾病已经成为当今头号杀手。非传染性疾病通常是由营养不良，烟酒环境影响和遗传因素造成的。
Now, the World Health Organization has released its first Global Status Report on Non-Communicable Diseases. In two thousand eight, they caused sixty-three percent of all deaths. And eighty percent of those deaths were reported in developing countries.
世卫组织目前已经发布了首份《全球非传染性疾病现状报告》。2008年，非传染性疾病造成的死亡人数占到了全部死亡人数的63%，而这其中80%发生在发展中国家。
These countries are spending billions to treat conditions like cancer, heart disease and diabetes⁴. The WHO says the costs of treating non-infectious diseases are pushing millions of people into poverty. WHO Director-General Margaret Chan says: "For some countries it is no exaggeration to describe the situation as an impending disaster ... a disaster for health, society and national economies."
这些国家要花费数十亿美元来治疗癌症、心脏病和糖尿病等疾病。世卫组织称，治疗非传染性疾病的花费使数百万人陷入贫困。世卫组织总干事陈冯富珍说：“对一些国家来说，这种状况可以毫不夸张地称之为一场影响健康、社会和国家经济的灾难即将来临。”
Conditions that last for years are also known as chronic diseases. Population changes are driving the increase in cases. Populations in many developing countries are growing quickly and living more in cities. Aging populations also play a part. Chronic diseases become more common as people get older.
被人熟知的持续多年的另一种疾病是慢性疾病。人口的变化推动了慢性疾病案例的增加。很多发展中国家的人口增长迅速，并大多生活在城市。人口老龄化也起到了一定作用，随着年纪变大，慢性疾病也愈发常见。
Dr. James Hospedales is a chronic disease expert at the WHO. He says chronic diseases are a major problem in big countries like the United States, India and China and across Latin America and the Mediterranean⁵. And they are expected to become the leading cause of death in many African nations by twenty-twenty.
James Hospedales医生是世卫组织的慢性病专家。他说，慢性病是美国、印度和中国等大国以及整个拉丁美洲和地中海地区的一大难题。同时他们预计到2020年，慢性病也将成为许多非洲国家人口死亡的主要原因。
JAMES HOSPEDALES: "We cannot wait until we have dealt with HIV, dealt with malaria⁶. No, it's upon us. As a matter of fact, one of the major contributors to tuberculosis⁷ going up in several countries is because diabetes is going up -- and obesity⁸. So there is a link between diabetes and TB."
JAMES HOSPEDALES：“我们不能等到处理好艾滋病毒、痢疾后再来处理慢性病。这取决于我们。实际上，有几个国家结核病的一大诱因持续上升是因为糖尿病和肥胖症持续上升。因此慢性病和糖尿病存在某种联系。
Dr. Hospedales says some middle- and low-income countries are beginning to recognize that their health policies must deal more with prevention.
Hospedales医生称，一些中低收入国家都开始意识到卫生政策必须更加注重预防。
JAMES HOSPEDALES: "We estimate in WHO that over thirty million lives can be saved in the next ten years by simple measures -- reducing the level of salt by fifteen to twenty percent, reducing the amount of tobacco, and increasing the number of people who are at risk of a heart attack and stroke to be on simple preventive treatment."
JAMES HOSPEDALES：“我们预计，在未来十年里可以通过一些简单措施挽救三千万人的生命。这些简单措施包括减少15%~20%的食盐含量，减少烟草数量，提高心脏病和中风潜在患者的预防治疗。”
The WHO is the United Nations' health agency. The General Assembly plans to hold its first high-level meeting on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. The meeting will take place in New York this September.
世卫组织是联合国卫生机构。联合国大会计划举行首次高级别非传染性疾病防治会议。这次会议将于今年9月在纽约举行。

1 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

2 impending   

a.imminent, about to come or happen

参考例句：

• Against a background of impending famine, heavy fighting took place. 即将发生饥荒之时，严重的战乱爆发了。
• The king convoke parliament to cope with the impending danger. 国王召开国会以应付迫近眉睫的危险。

3 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

4 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

5 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

6 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

7 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

8 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。