VOA慢速英语2012 Technology Report - Ruling on GPS Tracking by Police Leaves a Big Question

Technology Report - Ruling on GPS Tracking by Police Leaves a Big Question

科技报道 - 对警方使用GPS跟踪的裁决留下了一个有待解决的大问题
This is the VOA Special English Technology Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语科技报道。
The satellite-based Global Positioning System is a great way to locate places -- or people. But last week the United States Supreme¹ Court ruled that law enforcement officials must get approval from a judge before placing a GPS device on a vehicle.
基于卫星的全球定位系统（GPS）是寻找某个地点或人物的一种绝佳办法。但上周美国最高法院裁定，执法人员在车辆上安置GPS设备前必须获得法官批准。
The case involved a suspected drug dealer² in Washington. Police put a GPS device on his car and tracked his movements for almost a month. That led them to a house with nearly one hundred kilograms of cocaine³ and eight hundred fifty thousand dollars in cash.
该案件涉及了一位毒贩嫌疑人。警方在他汽车上安放GPS设备对他进行了近一个月的跟踪。这把他们带到了一所藏有近百公斤可卡因和85万美元现金的房子。
Antoine Jones was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison. He appealed his case all the way to the Supreme Court.
安托万·琼斯（Antoine Jones）被认定有罪并判处终身监禁。他一直上诉到了美国最高法院。
Law professor Christopher Slobogin at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, takes the story from there.
田纳西州纳什维尔市范德堡大学（Vanderbilt University）的法学教授克里斯托弗·斯洛博金（Christopher Slobogin）讲述了这一故事。
CHRISTOPHER SLOBOGIN: "Mr. Jones' argued that that evidence was obtained illegally because the police did not have a warrant. And his argument was in essence that use of the tracking device was an unconstitutional search under the Fourth Amendment⁴ to the United States Constitution, which provides that the government may not engage in unreasonable⁵ searches and seizures⁶. Mr. Jones claimed that the absence of a warrant made this search unreasonable."
斯洛博金：“琼斯先生辩称那些证据是非法取得的，因为警方并没获得搜查令。他的理由大体上是，根据美国宪法第四修正案规定，政府不得从事不合理的搜查和扣押，所以使用跟踪设备是违法宪法的搜查行为。琼斯先生声称，缺少搜查令使得这次搜查不合法。”
And, says Professor Slobogin, the high court agreed.
斯洛博金表示，最高法院对此表示认可。
CHRISTOPHER SLOBOGIN: "All nine members of the court, conservative members as well as liberal members, decided⁷ that the Fourth Amendment was violated in this case."
斯洛博金：“法院所有9位成员，包括保守派成员与自由派成员认定该案件侵犯了第四修正案。”
But the ruling only dealt with the physical act of placing the GPS device on the vehicle and tracking Mr. Jones. Justice Antonin Scalia wrote the majority opinion. Justice Scalia said the case did not require the court to decide if electronic monitoring without trespassing⁹ onto someone's property is also a violation¹⁰ of privacy.
但判决只针对放置GPS设备跟踪琼斯先生的这一实际行动。安东宁·斯卡利亚（Antonin Scalia）撰写了主要观点。斯卡利亚表示，这一案件并不需要法院裁决在不侵入他人财产的情况下进行电子监控是否也是侵犯隐私。
Law professor Renee Hutchins at the University of Maryland says that is a big question that remains¹¹ to be answered. We spoke¹² with her on Skype.
马里兰大学法学教授蕾妮··哈钦斯（Renee Hutchins）称这是一个有待解决的大问题。我们在skype上与她进行了对话。
RENEE HUTCHINS: "Most people have have smartphones. A lot of people have cars that have GPS pre-installed. So the government doesn't have to do the installation. The installation, which was the hook for Justice Scalia, is already accomplished¹³. We do it voluntarily."
哈钦斯：“大多数人都有智能手机，很多人的汽车也预装了GPS，所以政府并不需要安装。斯卡利亚法官认为安装行为是个陷阱。但我们自愿安装了它。”
Justice Sonya Sotomayor suggested that modern technology may soon force us to reconsider expectations of privacy. Professor Hutchins explains.
索尼娅·索托马约尔（Sonya Sotomayor）法官认为现代科技可能很快迫使我们重新考虑对隐私的预期。哈钦斯教授对此做出了解释。
RENEE HUTCHINS: "Justice Sotomayor, actually in talking about the modern society that we live in, said, you know, we really have to perhaps rethink what it means for things to be private in a world where we voluntarily give up so much information. In a world where there's Facebook and GPS on your cell phone and GPS in your car, how should the court be thinking about constitutional protections in a world like that?"
哈钦斯：“索托马约尔法官实质上是在说我们生活的现代社会。也许我们真的必须重新考虑，在我们自愿放弃如此多信息的这样一个世界里隐私到底意味着什么。在这样一个世界里，你手机上有Facebook和GPS，你车上有GPS，法院该如何思考像这种世界里的宪法保护？”
Four other justices, led by Samuel Alito, questioned the wisdom of limiting the ruling only to a trespass⁸ of private property. They said the more important issue is the use of GPS for the purpose of long-term tracking.
以塞缪尔·阿利托为首的另外四名法官质疑将该裁决仅限制于侵犯私有财产的情况下是否足够聪明。他们表示，更重要的是将GPS用于长期跟踪的这一争端。
And that's the VOA Special English Technology Report, written by June Simms. I'm Steve Ember.

1 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

2 dealer   

n.商人，贩子

参考例句：

• The dealer spent hours bargaining for the painting.那个商人为购买那幅画花了几个小时讨价还价。
• The dealer reduced the price for cash down.这家商店对付现金的人减价优惠。

3 cocaine   

n.可卡因，古柯碱（用作局部麻醉剂）

参考例句：

• That young man is a cocaine addict.那个年轻人吸食可卡因成瘾。
• Don't have cocaine abusively.不可滥服古柯碱。

4 amendment   

n.改正，修正，改善，修正案

参考例句：

• The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
• The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。

5 unreasonable   

adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的

参考例句：

• I know that they made the most unreasonable demands on you.我知道他们对你提出了最不合理的要求。
• They spend an unreasonable amount of money on clothes.他们花在衣服上的钱太多了。

6 seizures   

n.起获( seizure的名词复数 )；没收；充公；起获的赃物

参考例句：

• Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year. 今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Other causes of unconsciousness predisposing to aspiration lung abscess are convulsive seizures. 造成吸入性肺脓肿昏迷的其他原因，有惊厥发作。 来自辞典例句

7 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

8 trespass   

n./v.侵犯，闯入私人领地

参考例句：

• The fishing boat was seized for its trespass into restricted waters.渔船因非法侵入受限制水域而被扣押。
• The court sentenced him to a fine for trespass.法庭以侵害罪对他判以罚款。

9 trespassing   

[法]非法入侵

参考例句：

• He told me I was trespassing on private land. 他说我在擅闯私人土地。
• Don't come trespassing on my land again. 别再闯入我的地界了。

10 violation   

n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯

参考例句：

• He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。
• He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。

11 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

12 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

13 accomplished   

adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的

参考例句：

• Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。
• Removal of excess heat is accomplished by means of a radiator.通过散热器完成多余热量的排出。