VOA慢速英语2012 Health Report - Rethinking 'Good' Cholesterol; PSA Test Debate

 

健康报道 - 对有益胆固醇和PSA测试的质疑

This is the VOA Special English Health Report.

这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。

A study has raised questions about a widely held belief involving cholesterol¹. The belief is that high levels of so-called good cholesterol in the blood can reduce the risk of a heart attack.

一项研究对一种涉及胆固醇的普遍观点提出了质疑。这种观点认为，血液中高浓度的有益胆固醇能够降低心脏病发作的风险。

The medical name for "good" cholesterol is high-density lipoprotein, or HDL. Doctors commonly believe it reduces the risk of heart attack by removing fatty deposits that can block the flow of blood in the arteries² of the heart.

这种有益胆固醇的医学名称为高密度脂蛋白。医生们普遍认为它能通过移除堵塞心脏动脉血液流动的脂肪沉积，降低心脏病发作的风险。

But Dr. Sekar Kathiresan at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston says the effects of high HDL have never been proven. He says the new study that he and other researchers did suggests that HDL cholesterol does not affect the risk of heart attack.

但波士顿市马萨诸塞总医院的谢卡尔·凯瑟雷森（Sekar Kathiresan）表示，高密度脂蛋白的影响从未被证实。他说，他和其他研究人员进行的这项新研究证实，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇对心脏病发作风险没有影响。

SEKAR KATHIRESAN: "This has been the major assumption over the last thirty years, that if you raise HDL cholesterol, the risk for heart disease will be lowered. And I think we have now broken that assumption, broken that link using this gene³ variant⁴."

凯瑟雷森：“这是过去30年的一种主流假设，如果提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量，心脏病风险将会降低。而我认为，我们采用基因变异，现在已经打破了这种假设，打破了这种联系。”

The researchers say about four percent of people have a genetic⁵ change that gives them a naturally high level of HDL. The study found that those who were genetically⁶ "programmed" to have higher HDL levels were just as likely to suffer heart attacks as those who were not.

研究人员称，约4%的人拥有一种遗传变异，使得他们天生就有高含量的高密度脂蛋白。研究发现，这种天生拥有更高含量高密度脂蛋白的人与普通人一样会患心脏病。

Is there such thing as good cholestrol? 

A second analysis looked at fourteen gene variants⁷ that increase good cholesterol. Dr. Kathiresan says people with the most variants had no more protection against heart attacks than anyone else.

第二项分析着眼于能够提升有益胆固醇含量的14个基因变异。凯瑟雷森表示，拥有最多基因变异的人群与其他人相比，并未能更好地预防心脏病发作。

But he says there is no dispute about low-density lipoprotein, or LDL. LDL, the so-called bad cholesterol, causes a buildup of fatty substances inside arteries and increases the risk of heart attack.

但他表示，有一点没有争议，低密度脂蛋白，也就是所谓的有害胆固醇，会导致动脉内的脂肪物质堆积，提高心脏病发作的风险。

Dr. Kathiresan and his colleagues published their findings in the Lancet medical journal.

凯瑟雷森医生及其同事将他们的这一研究发现发表在《柳叶刀》医学杂志上。

Another widely held medical belief has also come into question recently. For years, men over the age of forty have been told to get a simple blood test to see if they have prostate cancer. Now, experts on a government committee are advising them not to. Dr. Virginia Moyer heads the United States Preventive Services Task Force.

另一种普遍医学观点最近也引发了质疑。多年来，40岁以上男子被告知进行一种简单的血液测试，看他们是否患有前列腺癌。目前，一个政府委员会的专家建议他们不要这么做。弗吉尼亚·莫耶医生（Virginia Moyer）负责美国预防医学工作组。

VIRGINIA MOYER: "Close to two-thirds of older men have prostate cancer and yet the huge majority of them never have a problem from it in their lifetime."

莫耶：“将近2/3的老年男子患有前列腺癌。但他们中的绝大多数一生中都未因为这个产生什么问题。”

The task force examined two large studies before deciding that treating the cancer found by the PSA test can do more harm than good. Effects of the treatment can include a loss of sexual ability and bladder control, as well as other problems including heart attacks.

在断定对PSA测试发现的前列腺癌的治疗弊大于利前，该工作组调查了两项大型研究。这种治疗的后果包括丧失性能力和膀胱控制，以及心脏病发作等其它问题。

Some doctors support the findings of the task force, but others disagree. Urologist Deepak Kapoor says in about twenty years of PSA testing, death rates for prostate cancer have dropped by thirty-eight percent.

一些专家支持该工作组的发现，但其他人并不同意。泌尿科医生迪帕克·卡普尔（Deepak Kapoor）表示，在20多年的PSA测试中，前列腺癌的死亡率下降了38%。

And that's the VOA Special English Health Report. I'm Steve Ember.

1 cholesterol   

n.（U）胆固醇

参考例句：

• There is cholesterol in the cell of body.人体细胞里有胆固醇。
• They are determining the serum-protein and cholesterol levels.他们正在测定血清蛋白和胆固醇的浓度。

2 arteries   

n.动脉( artery的名词复数 )；干线，要道

参考例句：

• Even grafting new blood vessels in place of the diseased coronary arteries has been tried. 甚至移植新血管代替不健康的冠状动脉的方法都已经试过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This is the place where the three main arteries of West London traffic met. 这就是伦敦西部三条主要交通干线的交汇处。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 gene   

n.遗传因子，基因

参考例句：

• A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
• The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。

4 variant   

adj.不同的，变异的；n.变体，异体

参考例句：

• We give professional suggestions according to variant tanning stages for each customer.我们针对每位顾客不同的日晒阶段，提供强度适合的晒黑建议。
• In a variant of this approach,the tests are data- driven.这个方法的一个变种，是数据驱动的测试。

5 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

6 genetically   

adv.遗传上

参考例句：

• All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
• Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物

7 variants   

n.变体( variant的名词复数 )；变种；变型；（词等的）变体

参考例句：

• Those variants will be preserved in the'struggle for existence". 这些变异将在“生存竞争”中被保留下来。 来自辞典例句
• Like organisms, viruses have variants, generally called strains. 与其他生物一样，病毒也有变种，一般称之为株系。 来自辞典例句