VOA慢速英语2014 AS IT IS 2014-03-01 Ethiopia Cuts Child Deaths by Two-Thirds 埃塞俄比亚三分之二削减儿童死亡

 

Ethiopia Cuts Child Deaths by Two-Thirds 埃塞俄比亚三分之二削减儿童死亡

28 February, 2014

2014年2月28日

Hello again, and welcome to As It Is from VOA Learning English. I'm Steve Ember in Washington.

大家好，欢迎，因为它是来自美国之音学英语。我'米史蒂夫余烬在华盛顿举行。

Hundreds of thousands of children become infected with the AIDS virus every year. Today on the program, we report on the discovery of a protein in breast milk that may protect babies against the human immunodeficiency virus, also called HIV.

成千上万的儿童被感染，每年的艾滋病病毒。今天的节目中，我们报告的蛋白质的发现母乳中可保护婴儿对人免疫缺陷病毒，也称为艾滋病。

But first, the United Nations' Children's Fund recently praised Ethiopia for reaching one of the Millennium¹ Development Goals on child survival. UNICEF officials say Ethiopia has reduced its number of child deaths by more than two-thirds. Faith Lapidus has more.

但首先，联合国“儿童的基金最近埃塞俄比亚赞扬为达成对儿童生存的千年发展目标之一。联合国儿童基金会官员说，埃塞俄比亚已经超过三分之二减少儿童死亡的人数。信仰拉皮德斯有更多的。

Ethiopia Cuts Child Deaths by Two-Thirds

埃塞俄比亚三分之二削减儿童死亡

Between 1990 and 2012, the country reported a 67 percent drop in the number of children dying before the age of five. Ethiopia's Minister of Health, Kesetebirhan Admasu, welcomed the good news. But he admitted that even with the improvement, Ethiopia is considered a high-mortality country.

1990年至2012年，全国发生在儿童死于五岁之前的数量67％的跌幅。卫生埃塞俄比亚的部长，KesetebirhanAdmasu，欢迎好消息。但他承认，即使有改善，埃塞俄比亚被认为是一种高死亡率的国家。

"If you look at the absolute number of children dying in Ethiopia, it is still, you know, huge. You know, we have committed to end all preventable child deaths in a generation by 2035. And, we have developed a roadmap to, you know, reach that ambitious target."

“如果你看看孩子死在埃塞俄比亚的绝对数量，它仍然是，你知道的，巨大的，你知道，我们已承诺到2035年结束在一代人的所有可预防的儿童死亡，而且，我们已经开发了一个路线图，你知道的，达到这一雄心勃勃的目标。“

Diarrhea, pneumonia² and malaria³ are the leading causes of death among young children in Ethiopia. In 1990, the country's death rate for children under five was one of the highest in the world. It was 204 deaths for every 1,000 births. The rate is now at 68 per 1,000. This means that hundreds of thousands of Ethiopian children who might have died in earlier years now reach their fifth birthday.

腹泻，肺炎和疟疾是死亡的青少年儿童在埃塞俄比亚的主要原因。1990年，该国的死亡率五岁以下儿童是最高的国家之一。这是204人死亡，每1000出生。率现在是68‰。这意味着成千上万的埃塞俄比亚儿童谁可能在早年死于现在达到他们的第五个生日。

Ethiopia is one of four African countries to have reached a Millennium Development Goal. The other three are Liberia, Malawi and Tanzania.

埃塞俄比亚是非洲四国之一，已经达到了千年发展目标。另外三个是利比里亚，马拉维和坦桑尼亚。

One of the reasons for Ethiopia's success is its Health Extension Program. Because of it, 38,000 people were employed to bring health care services to a large part of the rural population. Peter Salama is UNICEF's representative to Ethiopia. He says Ethiopia's plan of action can serve as an example for other countries.

其中一个原因，埃塞俄比亚的成功是它的健康推广计划。正因为如此，38,000人受雇于带来的医疗保健服务，农村人口的很大一部分。彼得·萨拉马是联合国儿童基金会的代表到埃塞俄比亚。他说，行动埃塞俄比亚的计划可以作为其他国家的榜样。

"Several other African countries have come to do study tours, including delegations⁴ from Togo, Guinea, Namibia, I believe, all came to study the health extension program and to see how they could replicate⁵ this critical lesson of bringing health care to the doorstep of the rural population."

“其他几个非洲国家纷纷前来做考察，其中包括来自多哥，几内亚，纳米比亚，相信代表团，所有来学习的健康推广计划，并看看他们怎么可能复制带来的医疗保健上门的这个关键教训农村人口“

The United Nations first announced the Millennium Development Goals 13 years ago. The goals were meant to help countries pay more attention to issues such as fighting extreme poverty.

联合国第13年前宣布的千年发展目标。目标是为了帮助各国更加重视的问题，如战胜赤贫。

Progress on the Millennium Development Goal of reducing child deaths is slow in most countries. Only 13 of 61 countries are in a position to meet the goal.

对减少儿童死亡的千年发展目标进展情况在大多数国家是缓慢的。61，只有13个国家是在一个位置，以满足目标。

I'm Faith Lapidus.

我是Faith Lapidus。

And I'm Steve Ember in Washington. You are listening to As It Is, from VOA Learning English.

我'米史蒂夫余烬在华盛顿举行。您现在收听的，因为它是美国之音学英语。

Now, we turn to a medical discovery that could help protect babies against HIV, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS.

现在，我们转向医疗这一发现可能有助于保护婴儿抗HIV，负责疾病艾滋病病毒。

Here is June Simms.

这是June Simms。

Protein in Mother's Milk May Protect Babies Against HIV

蛋白质在母亲的牛奶可以保护婴儿抗艾滋病病毒

Hundreds of thousands of children become infected with the AIDS virus every year. These boys and girls are born to mothers who have HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus. Infection takes place during pregnancy⁶ or from breastfeeding.

成千上万的儿童被感染，每年的艾滋病病毒。这些男孩和女孩出生到谁拥有艾滋病毒，人类免疫缺陷病毒的母亲。感染发生在怀孕期间或哺乳从。

Recently, scientists identified a protein in breast milk that suppresses the virus. The protein may even protect babies from becoming infected. Now, experts say the discovery could lead to new ways to protect babies whose mothers are infected with HIV.

最近，科学家发现母乳中，抑制病毒的蛋白质。蛋白质甚至可以保护婴儿被感染。现在，专家说，这一发现可能导致新的方法来保护婴儿的母亲感染了艾滋病毒。

To prevent infection, doctors give antiretroviral drugs to both mothers and their babies. That has greatly reduced the number of infections.

为了防止感染，医生给母亲和她们的婴儿给予抗逆转录病毒药物。这大大降低了感染的数量。

But experts say that even without anti-AIDS drugs, only a small percentage of babies become infected through breast milk. Sallie Permar is a professor of pediatrics and immunology at Duke University in North Carolina. She says breast-fed babies appear to resist infection.

但专家说，即使没有抗艾滋病的药物，婴儿只有一小部分通过母乳感染。莎莉Permar是小儿科和免疫学在杜克大学在北卡罗莱纳州的教授。她说，母乳喂养的婴儿出现抵抗感染。

"It is actually remarkable⁷ that despite the infant being exposed to the virus multiple times daily for up to two years of their life, actually only 10 percent of those babies will become infected."

“它实际上是显着的，尽管是每天多次暴露在病毒长达两年他们的生活，这些婴儿中的实际上只有10％的婴儿会被感染。”

The low rate of infection was of great interest to researchers, including Sallie Permar. She led an effort to identify a substance in breast milk that may protect babies from infection. Her team directed its attention to a protein called Tenacin-C, also called TNC. It is known to be involved in the process of healing wounds. But what purpose it serves in breast milk is not known.

感染率低是非常感兴趣的研究人员，包括莎莉Permar。她曾努力以确定母乳可以保护婴儿免受感染的物质。她的团队将其注意力到一个名为Tenacin-C蛋白，也被称为跨国公司。它是已知的能参与伤口愈合的过程。但它服务于母乳什么目的不得而知。

The researchers exposed the TNC protein from breast milk of uninfected women to HIV. The protein linked up to the virus and made it harmless.

研究人员让跨国公司蛋白质未感染的女性母乳感染艾滋病毒。蛋白质连接起来的病毒，并使其无害化。

Antiretroviral drugs remain effective in limiting the passing of HIV from mother to baby. But Professor Permar and her team suggest that TNC could be used in places where costly⁸ drug treatments are often not available.

抗逆转录病毒药物仍然有效地限制了通过艾滋病毒从母亲传染给婴儿。但Permar教授和她的团队认为，跨国公司可以在昂贵的药物治疗往往不能提供场所。

"The issues are access to the drugs as well as monitoring. There are issues of toxicity⁹ and anti-retroviral drug resistance. And so we think alternative strategies may be needed to completely eliminate infant transmission."

“的问题是访问的药物，以及监控。有毒性和抗逆转录病毒药物耐药的问题。因此，我们认为替代策略，可能需要完全消除母婴传播。”

She suggests that TNC could be given to babies before breastfeeding to provide additional protection against HIV. She adds that the protein is safe because it is already a natural part of human milk. This may avoid the problem of HIV becoming resistant¹⁰ to antiretroviral drugs.

她认为，跨国公司可以母乳喂养提供抗HIV额外的保护之前，给予婴儿。她补充说，该蛋白是安全的，因为它已经是人奶的自然组成部分。这可能会避免艾滋病成为抵抗抗逆转录病毒药物的问题。

The team reported its findings in the journal Proceedings¹¹ of the National Academy of Sciences.

该小组报告了调查结果在国家科学院的期刊论文。

I'm June Simms.

我'米六月西姆斯。

And that's our program for today. Be sure to join us at this same time tomorrow as Karen Leggett reports on methods to help farmers protect their soil and crops from damage.

而这的我们今天的节目。一定要参加我们这个明天同一时间，作为卡伦莱格特上的方法报告，帮助农民保护自己的土壤和作物免受损坏。

I'm Steve Ember. Thanks for listening!

我'米史蒂夫灰烬。感谢您的收听！

1 millennium   

n.一千年，千禧年；太平盛世

参考例句：

• The whole world was counting down to the new millennium.全世界都在倒计时迎接新千年的到来。
• We waited as the clock ticked away the last few seconds of the old millennium.我们静候着时钟滴答走过千年的最后几秒钟。

2 pneumonia   

n.肺炎

参考例句：

• Cage was struck with pneumonia in her youth.凯奇年轻时得过肺炎。
• Pneumonia carried him off last week.肺炎上星期夺去了他的生命。

3 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

4 delegations   

n.代表团( delegation的名词复数 )；委托，委派

参考例句：

• In the past 15 years, China has sent 280 women delegations abroad. 十五年来，中国共派280批妇女代表团出访。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• The Sun Ray decision follows the federal pattern of tolerating broad delegations but insisting on safeguards. “阳光”案的判决仿效联邦容许广泛授权的做法，但又坚持保护措施。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法

5 replicate   

v.折叠，复制，模写；n.同样的样品；adj.转折的

参考例句：

• The DNA of chromatin must replicate before cell division.染色质DNA在细胞分裂之前必须复制。
• It is also easy to replicate,as the next subsection explains.就像下一个小节详细说明的那样，它还可以被轻易的复制。

6 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

7 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

8 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

9 toxicity   

n.毒性，毒力

参考例句：

• The hoarse grunt or squeal is characteristic of toxicity.嘶哑的哼声和叫声是中毒的特征。
• Dieldrin is related to aldrin,and its toxicity to earthworms is similar.狄氏剂与艾氏剂有关，对蚯蚓的毒性是相似的。

10 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

11 proceedings   

n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
• to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼