VOA慢速英语2015 高风险威胁着英语测试的安全

 

 

High Stakes Threaten the Security of English Language Tests 高风险威胁着英语测试的安全

The British Home Office recently took away the rights of several universities to sponsor foreign students.

In February 2014, the universities gave English language tests to students wanting to study in the UK. Students must pass the test to receive a visa.

But BBC reporters found that the universities were not following the rules. Sometimes, people giving the tests read the answers out loud. Other times, they let someone else take a test for the student.

James Brokenshire is the UK Minister for Immigration and Security. Mr. Brokenshire said ETS Global, a European subsidiary of the Educational Testing Service, systematically¹ cheated. In June 2014, the Home Office threw out the test scores of over 50,000 students who participated in the fraud.

High-stakes tests

This recent event in the UK shows how important high-stakes English tests can be. High-stakes tests include the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language), the IELTS (International English Language Testing System), Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE Academic), the TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication) and the Cambridge English exam.

Students take these tests to gain entrance to a university, apply for immigration, or qualify for a job. They are called high-stakes tests because their results have an important outcome for the test-taker.

They are so important that both test-takers and testing companies are sometimes willing to cheat.

Responses to cheating on tests

Clive Roberts is a director at ELS Educational Services. Mr. Roberts says all the major test companies have had problems recently with test security.

“There’s a lot of theft, piracy² of content. Many companies have even migrated away from what one thought of, initially³, as a safe area, computer-adaptive tests, because even with computer-adaptive tests there has been piracy of content.”

So, Mr. Roberts says, companies are taking new measures to make sure the person who takes the test is the person who receives the scores.

For instance, earlier in 2014, the Educational Testing Service (ETS) introduced Voice Biometric Recognition. The software checks the test takers’ voices before and during the exam to verify their identities. This voice recognition technology is one way of making sure the person who receives the score is the same as the person taking the test.

Clive Roberts of ELS says other companies have considered using palm or fingerprint⁴ recognition – in other words, using test takers’ hands to verify their identities. But, Mr. Roberts says, many countries want to use fingerprinting⁵ only for criminal activities.

For now, one of the best security solutions might not use any technology at all.

“So, a lot of people are talking about simply resorting to the constant creation of new tests, which is also, of course, extremely expensive.”

Low-stakes tests

But not all English tests have to be high-stakes – or expensive. Test development companies are working to create low-cost or no-cost tests that can be delivered online. Such tests are called low-stakes tests because they do not provide an official rating. Instead, they give students a general idea of their level and how prepared they are for the next step in their education.

The unofficial scores from these low-stakes tests can be used to place students in a school language program. Or they can guide students and teachers in future instruction. Since the stakes are lower, everyone is less likely to cheat.

I’m Jonathan Evans.

Dr. Jill Robbins reported and wrote this story for VOA Learning English. Kelly Jean Kelly was the editor. 

Words in This Story

subsidiary – n. owned or controlled by another company

stakes ?– n. something (such as money) that you could win or lose in a game, contest, etc.

high-stakes test ?– n. a test used to make important decisions about students, teachers, or schools

low-stakes test – n. a test to measure academic achievement, identify learning problems, or inform instructional adjustments, among other purposes

piracy – n. the act of illegally copying someone's product or invention without permission

proficiency⁶ – n. advancement⁷ in knowledge or skill; mastery

recognition – n. computers : the ability of a computer to understand and process human speech or writing

Now it’s your turn. What do you think about cheating on tests? How do you recommend the testing companies handle this problem?

1 systematically   

adv.有系统地

参考例句：

• This government has systematically run down public services since it took office.这一屆政府自上台以来系统地削减了公共服务。
• The rainforest is being systematically destroyed.雨林正被系统地毀灭。

2 piracy   

n.海盗行为，剽窃，著作权侵害

参考例句：

• The government has already adopted effective measures against piracy.政府已采取有效措施惩治盗版行为。
• They made the place a notorious centre of piracy.他们把这地方变成了臭名昭著的海盗中心。

3 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

4 fingerprint   

n.指纹；vt.取...的指纹

参考例句：

• The fingerprint expert was asked to testify at the trial.指纹专家应邀出庭作证。
• The court heard evidence from a fingerprint expert.法院听取了指纹专家的证词。

5 fingerprinting   

v.指纹( fingerprint的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Institutions from banks to pawnshops are fingerprinting to authenticate transactions. 从银行到当铺，都在使用指纹识别对交易进行验证。 来自互联网
• In addition, a digital fingerprinting algorithm based on binary codes is described. 介绍了一种二进制指纹编码方案。 来自互联网

6 proficiency   

n.精通，熟练，精练

参考例句：

• He plied his trade and gained proficiency in it.他勤习手艺，技术渐渐达到了十分娴熟的地步。
• How do you think of your proficiency in written and spoken English?你认为你的书面英语和口语熟练程度如何？

7 advancement   

n.前进，促进，提升

参考例句：

• His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
• The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。