VOA慢速英语2015 每日语法:代词和词性的问题

Everyday Grammar: Problems with Pronouns and Gender¹ 每日语法:代词和词性的问题

When I was on the train yesterday, I heard someone say this: “Someone left their bag on the train.”

Can you find anything wrong with the sentence?

If you looked in a traditional English grammar book, you would learn that the sentence should be, “Someone left his bag on the train.” The rule is to use the singular pronoun “he” when the gender of a person is not known.

But, if you asked native English speakers if there is something wrong with the sentence, many would probably answer no.

The pronoun “their” is generally plural². The speaker was talking about just one person. However, American English speakers use “their” and “they” as singular pronouns all the time in spoken English. They use it when the gender of a person is not known. They also use it when they do not want to say the gender.

Writers also try to use both “he” and “she” to show they do not discriminate³ against females. They might also use “he/she” or “him/her” instead of choosing one singular pronoun.

Another approach to this problem is to use a gender-neutral pronoun - a word that does not show gender. One place where these pronouns became popular is in virtual or online communities.

In Sweden, two nursery schools have used the gender-neutral pronoun, “hen” since 2012. The Swedish government started using “hen” this year and added it to the official dictionary.

A student organization at the University of Wisconsin recommends using gender-neutral pronouns like those in the following chart to respect transgender individuals.

Teresa Schmedding is an editor at the Daily Herald⁴ Media Group and a member of the American Copy Editors Society (ACES.)

At a recent meeting of the organization in Pittsburgh, she says some editors discussed the use of the pronoun “they.” Ms. Schmedding says some members were unhappy with the use of “his” or “her” in the stories.

"Language is a constantly evolving thing and we need to evolve. … It has become so common, in our language now, that people frequently use the singular ‘they’ all the time.  My question is, what’s the harm?”

Writers look to books like “The Chicago Manual of Style” for the rules. This book says to use a plural noun, if possible, and to avoid using the singular pronouns "him" or "her" when the gender of the subject is not stated.

For example, the sentence

“Each student brought his or her book to class”

would change to

“The students brought their books to class.”

Ms. Schmedding says the most important thing for writers is to make the language easy to understand.

“The overriding⁵ issue is clarity. We want people to understand what we are saying. So if people already understand when you use the singular they what you mean, why make up a new word?”

A look back at the history of English shows that great writers used they as a singular pronoun. Chaucer, writing in the 14th century, used it, as did Shakespeare, Jane Austin, and George Bernard Shaw.

Then in the late 18th century, grammar writers said they should not be used as a singular pronoun.

Today, many English speakers are saying that, “if everyone uses it, they must be right.”

Words in This Story

singular - adj. showing or indicating no more than one thing

gender - n. the state of being male or female; sex

discriminate - v. to unfairly treat a person or group of people differently from other people or groups

gender-neutral - adj. a word or expression that cannot be taken to refer to one gender only

virtual - adj. existing or occurring on computers or on the Internet

transgender - adj. of or relating to people who have a sexual identity that is not clearly male or clearly female

copy editor – n. a person whose job is to prepare a book, newspaper, etc., for printing by making sure the words are correct

1 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

2 plural   

n.复数；复数形式；adj.复数的

参考例句：

• Most plural nouns in English end in's '.英语的复数名词多以s结尾。
• Here you should use plural pronoun.这里你应该用复数代词。

3 discriminate   

v.区别，辨别，区分；有区别地对待

参考例句：

• You must learn to discriminate between facts and opinions.你必须学会把事实和看法区分出来。
• They can discriminate hundreds of colours.他们能分辨上百种颜色。

4 herald   

vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎

参考例句：

• In England, the cuckoo is the herald of spring.在英国杜鹃鸟是报春的使者。
• Dawn is the herald of day.曙光是白昼的先驱。

5 overriding   

a.最主要的

参考例句：

• Development is of overriding importance. 发展是硬道理
• My overriding concern is to raise the standards of state education. 我最关心的是提高国民教育水平。