VOA慢速英语2015 研究人员称发现人类早期祖先化石

Researchers Announce Discovery of Early Human Ancestor 研究人员称发现人类早期祖先化石

A group of scientists announced Thursday what they say is the discovery of remains¹ from an early ancestor of human beings.

周三，一个科学家小组称发现了人类早期祖先化石。

Bones from the species² were found two years ago inside a cave at a United Nations World Heritage³ Site, near Johannesburg, South Africa. The South African government has named the area the “Cradle⁴ of Humankind” because of its rich collection of ancient human-like remains.The scientists are calling the new species, ‘Homo naledi’. The word naledi means “star” in South Africa’s Sesotho language.

两年前，科学家们是在位于南非约翰内斯堡附近一个联合国世界遗址的洞穴里发现这种物种的骨化石的。因该地区拥有丰富的古人类骨化石，因此南非政府将该地区命名为“人类摇篮”，科学家们将此发现的新物种命名为“智人之星”，Naledi这个单词在南非塞索托语中意为“明星”。

The scientists reported that about 1,500 bones have been recovered from the cave. They said the bones come from at least 15 individuals. The team reported its findings in the journal eLIFE.

科学家称，从该洞穴中复原出大约1500块骨化石。他们还表示，这些骨化石至少来自于15个人。研究人员在“eLIFE”杂志上发表了他们这一发现。

Lead scientist Lee Berger works at the University of Witwatersrand. He said the discovery “was right under our nose in the most explored valley of the continent of Africa.” Mr. Berger spoke⁵ to reporters Thursday in Johannesburg.

领导这个小组的是威特沃特斯兰德大学的美国古人类研究学家李·伯杰。伯杰先生于周四在约翰内斯堡接受采访时表示“这一伟大的发现正是位于非洲大陆考察次数最多的山谷中，可以说是在我们的眼皮底下发现的。”

“This is a great moment for us. It is a moment that was perhaps two years in the making. For some of you who may follow our adventures since November of 2013. But in fact, it is 90 years in the making: 90 years of exploration here in South Africa for human origins.” 

“这是一个伟大的时刻，是历经两年多不懈努力才换来的。可能有些人认为我们是从2013年11月才开始这项研究的，但实际上却历经了90年，我们在南非这个地方对人类起源进行探索已长达90年。”

The scientists said the newly discovered species ‘Homo naledi’ probably stood up straight when walking. They said a normal adult stood about 1.5 meters tall and weighed about 45 kilograms.

科学家表示，这种新发现的名为“智人之星”的物种很可能直立行走，成年人身高大约1.5米，体重大约45公斤。

The researchers described the hands and feet of the new species as human-like. But they said the ribs⁶, shoulders and pelvis were closer to other early ancestors than to those of modern humans.

研究人员还形容这些原始人的手和脚与人类相似，但是胸腔、肩膀和骨盆更接近其他物种而非现代人类的早期祖先。

The Associated Press reported that Mr. Berger said his team is not claiming that Homo naledi was a direct ancestor of modern-day people.

据美联社报导，伯杰先生表示，他的研究小组并未称“智人之星”是现代人类的直接祖先。

The researchers believe neledi developed between 2.5 million and 2.8 million years ago, but the bones might be younger than that. The team said dating the bones is one of their projects.

研究人员相信“智人之星”大约在250到280万年前出现，但是这次发现的骨化石可能属于更晚时期的。该研究小组还表示，接下来确定骨化石的年龄是他们的工作内容之一。

Also unclear is why the bones were in a hard-to-reach part of the cave in the first place. Scientists wondered whether others could have placed dead bodies there in a kind of behavior rarely found in early humans.

然而，尚未清楚的是这些骨化石为什么最初是在该洞穴难以到达的位置被发现的。科学家们猜测是不是其他人将遗体安放在此处，这种行为在早期人类活动中是很少见的。

Words in This Story

species – n. a group of things or people that belong together or share similar qualities

cradle – n. the place where something begins; a bed for a baby

adventure(s) – n. an exciting or dangerous experience

origins – n. beginnings; the place where something begins or is created

1 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

2 species   

n.物种，种群

参考例句：

• Are we the only thinking species in the whole of creation?我们是万物中惟一有思想的物种吗？
• This species of bird now exists only in Africa.这种鸟现在只存在于非洲。

3 heritage   

n.传统，遗产，继承物

参考例句：

• The ancient buildings are part of the national heritage.这些古建筑是民族遗产的一部分。
• We Chinese have a great cultural heritage.我们中国人有伟大的文化遗产。

4 cradle   

n.摇篮，策源地，支船架；vt.把...放在摇篮里

参考例句：

• The baby was rocked to sleep in a cradle.婴儿在摇篮里被摇得睡着了。
• Tokyo was the cradle of Japanese culture.东京是日本文化的发源地。

5 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

6 ribs   

n.肋骨( rib的名词复数 )；（船或屋顶等的）肋拱；肋骨状的东西；（织物的）凸条花纹

参考例句：

• He suffered cracked ribs and bruising. 他断了肋骨还有挫伤。
• Make a small incision below the ribs. 在肋骨下方切开一个小口。