VOA慢速英语2019 如何应对气候变化?科学家称再种一万亿棵树

How to Fight Climate Change? Plant a Trillion Trees

Scientists are asking: What is the best way to fight climate change?

科学家们在问：什么是应对气候变化最好的途径？

A new study says: Plant many trees; one trillion trees, maybe more.

一项新的研究回答了这个问题，那就是种树，种上一万亿棵，可能还需要种更多。

Swiss scientists say there is enough room for that many trees. In their report in the journal¹ Science, they say even with existing cities and farmland, there is enough space for new trees to cover nine million square kilometers. That is about the size of the United States.

瑞士科学家们表示，地球有足够空间种这么多树。他们在《科学》杂志上发表的报告中称，即使维持现有的城市和农田规模，也有足够空间新种可以覆盖900万平方公里的树，这大致相当于美国的面积。

Trees take carbon dioxide out of the air, and in return, put oxygen back into the air.

树木可以吸收大气中的二氧化碳，然后向大气中释放氧气作为交换。

The study estimated² that over a long period of time, the trees could take in almost 750 billion tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. That is about as much carbon as humans have put into the atmosphere in the past 25 years.

该研究估计，长远来说，这些树木可以从大气中吸收近7500亿吨二氧化碳。这大致相当于人类过去25年中的碳排放。

What is so bad about carbon dioxide? The gas traps heat, causing temperatures to rise.

二氧化碳有什么坏处呢？它会吸收热量，导致气温上升。

Much of the gain from planting trees will come quickly because trees remove more carbon from the air when they are younger, the researchers said. The place that has the best possibility for removing the most carbon is the tropics— the area close to the equator⁴.

研究人员表示，种植树木很快就能见效，因为幼树可以从空气中清除更多的碳。除碳效果最好的地方可能是靠近赤道的热带地区。

This method would also have the lowest cost, says the study co-author Thomas Crowther.

该研究的共同作者托马斯·克劳瑟表示，这种方法的成本也最低。

“This is by far — by thousands of times — the cheapest climate change solution” and the most effective, he said. Crowther is a climate change ecologist at the Swiss Federal⁵ Institute of Technology in Zurich.

他说：“这是迄今为止最为廉价的气候变化解决方案，也是效果最好的。”克劳瑟是苏黎世瑞士联邦理工学院的气候变化生态学家。

The six nations with the most room for new trees are Russia, the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil and China.

新种树空间最大的六个国家是俄罗斯、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、巴西和中国。

Before his study, Crowther thought that there were other more effective ways to fight climate change besides cutting emissions⁷. One example could be for people to change their diets by no longer eating meat. But, he said, tree planting is far more effective because trees remove so much carbon dioxide from the air.

克劳瑟在做这项研究之前认为，除了减少碳排放，还有其它更有效应对气候变化的的途径。例如人们可以改变饮食习惯，不再吃肉。但是他说植树更为有效，因为树木可以从空气中去除大量的二氧化碳。

Thomas Lovejoy works⁸ as a biologist at George Mason University. He was not part of the study. But, he called the report “a good news story” because planting trees would also help stop the loss of biodiversity.

托马斯·洛维乔伊是乔治梅森大学的生物学家。他并未参与这项研究。但是他称这篇报告是个好消息，因为种树还有助于防止生物多样性的丧失。

Crowther said planting trees is not a substitute⁹ for reducing the world’s dependence¹⁰ on oil, coal and natural gas. The carbon dioxide produced by burning these fuels is believed to cause the warming of the atmosphere.

克劳瑟表示，种树并非减少全球对石油、煤炭、天然气依赖的替代方案。据信这些燃料燃烧产生的二氧化碳会引起大气变暖。

“None of this works without emissions cuts,” he said.

他说：“如果不减少碳排放，这些就都起不到作用。”

And it is not easy or realistic to think the world will suddenly start planting a lot of trees quickly, although many groups have started, Crowther said.

克劳瑟表示，尽管很多团体已经开始种树，但是认为全球将会突然开始大量种树并不现实。

“It’s certainly a monumental challenge, which is exactly the scale of the problem of climate change,” he said.

他说：“这无疑是一项巨大挑战，也正是气候变化问题的严重性所在。”

The researchers used Google Earth to see what areas could support more trees, while leaving room for people and crops. Lead writer for the study, Jean-Francois Bastin, estimated there is space for at least 1 trillion more trees, but it could be 1.5 trillion.

研究人员利用谷歌地球来查看哪些区域可以种植更多树木，同时为人类和庄稼留够空间。该研究的主要作者让 - 弗朗索瓦·巴斯汀估计，全球有足够空间可以种植至少1万亿棵树，但是可能会达到1.5万亿棵。

That is in addition to the 3 trillion trees that now live on Earth -- a number Crowther found in earlier research.

这是对目前地球上已有的3万亿棵树的补充，克劳瑟在早期研究中确定了这一数字。

I’m Anne Ball.

Words in This Story

tropic³ - n. the part of the world that is near the equator where the weather is very warm

cheapest – adj. not costing a lot of money

biodiversity – n. the existence of many different kinds of plants and animals in an environment

realistic – adj. able to see things as they really are and to deal with them in a practical way

monumental – adj. very great or extreme

challenge – n. a difficult task or problem : something that is hard to do

emission⁶ – n. the act of producing or sending out something (such as energy or gas) from a source

diet – n. food and drink regularly provided¹¹ or consumed¹²

scale – n. the size or level of something especially in comparison to something else

1 journal   

n.日志，日记；议事录；日记帐；杂志，定期刊物

参考例句：

• He kept a journal during his visit to Japan.他在访问日本期间坚持记日记。
• He got a job as editor of a trade journal.他找到了一份当商业杂志编辑的工作。

2 estimated   

adj．根据估计的

参考例句：

• She estimated the breadth of the lake to be 500 metres. 她估计湖面大约有500米宽。
• The man estimated for the repair of the car. 那人估算了修理汽车的费用。

3 tropic   

n.回归线，[the T-s]热带地区

参考例句：

• She sorted out her things for tropic travel.她整理热带旅行的东西。
• He is making a study of that tropic plant.他正在对那种热带植物进行研究。

4 equator   

n.赤道，（平分球形物体的面的）圆

参考例句：

• Singapore is near the equator.新加坡位于赤道附近。
• The United States is north of the equator.美国位于赤道以北。

5 federal   

adj.联盟的；联邦的；(美国)联邦政府的

参考例句：

• Switzerland is a federal republic.瑞士是一个联邦共和国。
• The schools are screaming for federal aid.那些学校强烈要求联邦政府的援助。

6 emission   

n.发出物，散发物；发出，散发

参考例句：

• Rigorous measures will be taken to reduce the total pollutant emission.采取严格有力措施，降低污染物排放总量。
• Finally,the way to effectively control particulate emission is pointed out.最后，指出有效降低颗粒排放的方向。

7 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

8 works   

n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件

参考例句：

• We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
• The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。

9 substitute   

n.代理，代理人，代用品，代替物；vt.代替；vi.替代，取代

参考例句：

• Can you substitute for the singer who is ill?你能替一下那位得了病的歌手吗？
• Yogurt is a perfectly acceptable substitute for cream in cooking.酸奶是烹饪用的特别受欢迎的奶油替代品。

10 dependence   

n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属

参考例句：

• Doctors keep trying to break her dependence of the drug.医生们尽力使她戒除毒瘾。
• He was freed from financial dependence on his parents.他在经济上摆脱了对父母的依赖。

11 provided   

conj.假如，若是；adj.预备好的，由...供给的

参考例句：

• Provided it's fine we will have a pleasant holiday.如果天气良好，我们的假日将过得非常愉快。
• I will come provided that it's not raining tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我就来。

12 consumed   

v.消耗( consume的过去式和过去分词 )；烧毁；大吃；使充满（强烈的感情）

参考例句：

• Arguing about details consumed many hours of the committee's valuable time. 争论细节问题耗费了委员会数小时宝贵的时间。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The fire had consumed half the forest away before it was stopped. 大火在熄灭之前毁掉了树林的一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》