VOA慢速英语2019 常见的4种保存食物的方法

Common Ways to Preserve Food

When you preserve food, you are taking action to stop it from breaking down, as it does naturally. You are killing¹ or preventing the growth of microorganisms.

保存食物时，其实你是在设法防止食物分解，就像食物自然分解一样。你正在杀死微生物或阻止其繁殖。

Today, we will explore how you can preserve some of the fresh produce you buy or grow. By following a few easy steps, you can still eat those tasty fruits and vegetables when they are out of season.

今天，我们将探讨如何保存购买或种植的一些新鲜农产品。通过以下几个简单步骤，你仍然可以在淡季吃到那些美味的水果和蔬菜。

You can preserve late-summer fruits and vegetables in four basic ways. These include freezing, canning, pickling and drying or dehydrating.

你可以采取四种基本的方法来保存夏末的水果和蔬菜。包括冷冻、罐装、酸洗、干燥或脱水。

Freezing

冷冻

Freezing is the simplest way to save produce. It is important to freeze the produce as quickly as possible, and to do so in freeze-grade bags or other containers.

冷冻是保存农产品最简单的方法。尽快将农产品冷冻起来十分重要，可以利用冷冻袋或者其他冷冻容器。

Eugenia Bone has written books about food and nature. She notes that you should cool down food before you freeze it.

尤金妮亚·伯恩（Eugenia Bone）写过关于食物和自然的书籍。她指出，你应该在冷冻食物之前将其冷藏起来。

One problem to avoid is freezer burn, which can affect the taste and feel of food. To prevent this, use plastic bags, wraps or containers designed for the freezer.

需要避免的一个问题是冷冻灼伤，这会影响食物的味道和口感。为了防止这种情况，使用保鲜袋、包装袋或专为冰箱设计的容器。

Good late-summer produce to freeze includes green beans, cabbage, apples and plums.

适合冷冻的夏末农产品包括青豆、卷心菜、苹果和李子。

Canning

罐装

There are two main ways to can produce: boiling hot water baths and pressure canning.

两大罐装农产品方法分别是：沸水浴和压力罐装。

A boiling water bath involves putting food in glass canning jars and then heating the jars in a pot of boiling water. The heat forces air from the glass jars and frees the food from bacteria and microorganisms.

沸水浴包括将食物放入玻璃罐中，然后把玻璃罐放在沸水里加热。热量会将玻璃罐中的空气挤压出来，使食物免受细菌和微生物的腐蚀。

You can then seal the jars.

然后可以将罐子密封。

This method works best with naturally acidic foods like fruits.

这种方法适用于保存水果这样的天然酸性食物。

Pressure canning food requires a pressure canner. The pressure canner you use should be based on the kind of cooking equipment you have and the amount of food you plan to can.

压力罐装食品需要一个压力罐。压力罐应该视使用烹饪设备的种类以及装罐的食物量而定。

Whichever method you use, always test the seal that keeps out fresh air.

无论使用哪种方法，都要测试容器是否密封良好，以隔绝空气。

Good late-summer fruits for water bath canning include apples, berries, cherries, figs² and peaches.

适合做水浴罐头的夏末水果包括苹果、浆果、樱桃、无花果和桃子。

Good foods for pressure canning include carrots, corn, okra and bell peppers.

适合压力罐装的食物包括胡萝卜、玉米、秋葵和甜椒。

Pickling

腌制

There are many methods of preserving food in vinegar, salt brine or a similar mixture.

在醋、盐水或类似的混合物中保存食物的方法也有很多。

You can pickle³ whole vegetables, like green beans or okra. Another possibility is to make chutney or relishes⁵. This is done by adding salt, pepper or other seasonings⁶ to small, cut pieces of vegetables.

你可以腌制整颗蔬菜，如青豆或秋葵。另一种方法可能是制作成酸辣酱或开胃菜。往切成小块的蔬菜中加入盐、胡椒粉或其他调味料来即可。

Good late-summer foods to pickle include cucumbers, hot chili⁷ peppers, watermelon rinds and eggplants.

适合腌制的夏末食物包括黄瓜、红辣椒、西瓜皮和茄子。

Drying

脱水A final way to preserve food is by drying it. Whatever food you are drying should be just ready to eat and not have bruises⁸.

最后一种方法是脱水保存。不管你对什么食物进行脱水处理，都应该是即食且无损伤的。

When drying, try to find specific directions for each food to ensure quality and safety.

进行这一步骤时，尽量为每一种食物找到特定的方法，以确保食物的质量和安全。

Drying methods include air drying, oven drying and using a dehydrator⁹.

方法包括风干、烤箱烘干和使用脱水器。

A dehydrator is probably the best choice. If you think you will be drying foods regularly, think about investing in an electric dehydrator.

脱水器可能是最好的选择。如果你觉得自己经常需要将食物脱水，可以考虑入手一件电动脱水器。

Good late-summer produce to dehydrate¹⁰ includes apples, mushrooms, grapes and hot and sweet peppers.

适合脱水的夏末农产品包括苹果、蘑菇、葡萄、辣椒以及甜椒。

Words in This Story

preserve – v. to prevent (food) from decaying

pickle – v. to preserve or protect food in a liquid solution

acidic – adj. sharp-tasting; containing acid

chutney – n. a thick liquid that is made from fruits, vinegar, sugar, and spices

relish⁴ – n. a seasoned mixture that is used to add taste to other foods

oven – n. an enclosed space for cooking and heating food

1 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

2 figs   

figures 数字，图形，外形

参考例句：

• The effect of ring dyeing is shown in Figs 10 and 11. 环形染色的影响如图10和图11所示。
• The results in Figs. 4 and 5 show the excellent agreement between simulation and experiment. 图4和图5的结果都表明模拟和实验是相当吻合的。

3 pickle   

n.腌汁，泡菜；v.腌，泡

参考例句：

• Mother used to pickle onions.妈妈过去常腌制洋葱。
• Meat can be preserved in pickle.肉可以保存在卤水里。

4 relish   

n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味

参考例句：

• I have no relish for pop music.我对流行音乐不感兴趣。
• I relish the challenge of doing jobs that others turn down.我喜欢挑战别人拒绝做的工作。

5 relishes   

n.滋味( relish的名词复数 )；乐趣；（大量的）享受；快乐v.欣赏( relish的第三人称单数 )；从…获得乐趣；渴望

参考例句：

• The meat relishes of pork. 这肉有猪肉味。 来自辞典例句
• The biography relishes too much of romance. 这篇传记中传奇色彩太浓。 来自辞典例句

6 seasonings   

n.调味品，佐料( seasoning的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• It emphasizes the use of seasonings, so no two dishes ever taste alike. 它对调味品十分讲究。因此，没有两个菜会有同样的味道。 来自地道口语脱口SHOW 高中超越版
• The food made of flour and various seasonings is called moon cake. 中秋节的食品也是圆圆的，也象征着团圆，这种用面和各种作料做的食品叫月饼。 来自互联网

7 chili   

n.辣椒

参考例句：

• He helped himself to another two small spoonfuls of chili oil.他自己下手又加了两小勺辣椒油。
• It has chocolate,chili,and other spices.有巧克力粉，辣椒，和其他的调味品。

8 bruises   

n.瘀伤，伤痕，擦伤( bruise的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was covered with bruises after falling off his bicycle. 他从自行车上摔了下来，摔得浑身伤痕。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The pear had bruises of dark spots. 这个梨子有碰伤的黑斑。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 dehydrator   

n.脱水器；除水器

参考例句：

• The invention relates to a cationic polymer dehydrator for sludge. 本发明涉及一种用于污泥脱水的阳离子型聚合物脱水剂。 来自互联网
• The vibrating centrifugal dehydrator and scraper discharge centrifugal dehydrator are usually used in coal mine industry. 振动离心脱水机与刮刀卸料离心脱水机是煤矿常用的两种离心脱水机。 来自互联网

10 dehydrate   

vt.使脱水

参考例句：

• People can very quickly dehydrate in the desert.人在沙漠里很快就会脱水。
• Without these structures, many warm-blooded animals would quickly dehydrate,especially in dry climates.没有这样的结构，许多温血动物将很快脱水，特别是在干燥的气候条件下。