VOA慢速英语--“流行病”当选韦氏词典2020年度词汇

Dictionaries Choose ‘Pandemic’ as 2020 Word of the Year

Two major dictionary publishers have chosen pandemic as the 2020 word of the year.

Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com both declared their choices on Monday.

Merriam-Webster said its decision was based on the "extremely high numbers" of people who had looked up pandemic in its online dictionary in 2020. The word showed a major year-over-year increase in internet traffic, the company said.

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11. The Merriam-Webster Learners' Dictionary defines¹ pandemic as an occurrence² in which a disease spreads very quickly and affects a large number of people over a wide area or throughout the world.

Searches for pandemic on the Merriam-Webster website rose more than 115,000 percent on March 11 compared to a year earlier. The dictionary's choice of pandemic should not come as a shock to anyone, said Peter Sokolowski, editor at large for Merriam-Webster.

Sokolowski told The Associated Press that major news events often have a technical word related to them. In the case of the coronavirus crisis³, "the word pandemic is not just technical but has become general." He added that pandemic is also a word that will likely be used in the future to describe this period in history.

Sokolowski noted⁴ that pandemic has roots in Latin and Greek. It is a combination of "pan," meaning for all, and "demos," for people or population. Pandemic dates to the mid-1600s, when it was used widely for "universal." Around that time, it also began appearing in medical literature after the plagues⁶ of the Middle Ages, he said.

Sokolowski said the huge increase in interest did not appear to be only among searchers who did not know the meaning of the word. Many people were also hunting for more details about pandemic or were seeking for inspiration⁷ or to help ease their minds, he added.

Merriam-Webster said it acted quickly to add new information on words related to pandemic. The dictionary already had "coronavirus" for many years. But it added "COVID-19" - the disease caused by the coronavirus - about a month after that term was officially created in February.

In announcing its choice, Dictionary.com said searches for pandemic on its website increased more than 13,000 percent on March 11.

Dictionary.com research editor John Kelly told the AP that searches for the word have remained high throughout the year. For about half of the year, the company said pandemic was in the top 10 percent of all search requests.

"The pandemic as an event created a new language for a new normal," Kelly said.

As we recently reported, other dictionaries also chose COVID-19-related terms as their 2020 word of the year.

Britain's Cambridge Dictionary chose "quarantine." It said searches for the word increased in March, when many countries ordered public restrictions⁸ to limit the spread of COVID-19.

Cambridge said quarantine had taken on new meaning so it added to its definition. It now says quarantine is "a general period of time in which people are not allowed to leave their homes or travel freely, so that they do not catch or spread a disease."

Collins Dictionary, another British publisher, chose "lockdown." It said the word represents a uniting experience for people across the world. Under lockdown in 2020, Collins said "normal public life is suspended" and "we see few people, and fewer places." It added that lockdown is now seen as "a public health measure."

Words in This Story

occurrence – n. something that happens

plague⁵ – n. a serious disease that spreads quickly and kills a lot of people

inspiration – n. someone or something that gives you ideas for doing something

allow – v. to permit

1 defines   

规定( define的第三人称单数 )； 使明确； 精确地解释； 画出…的线条

参考例句：

• This name defines us all. 这个名字造就了我们。 来自演讲部分
• The range of incomes over which this happens defines the 'poverty trap'. 发生在这种情况的收入范围，称为“贫困陷阱。”

2 occurrence   

n.发生，出现，事件，发生的事件

参考例句：

• Two things account for its occurrence.发生这件事的原因有两个。
• For a military commander，winning or losing a battle is a common occurrence.胜败乃兵家常事。

3 crisis   

n.危机，危急关头，决定性时刻，关键阶段

参考例句：

• He had proved that he could be relied on in a crisis.他已表明，在紧要关头他是可以信赖的。
• The topic today centers about the crisis in the Middle East.今天课题的中心是中东危机。

4 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

5 plague   

n.瘟疫，鼠疫，祸患，灾难；v.烦扰，使痛苦

参考例句：

• Plague was then prevailing in that city.当时瘟疫正在该城流行。
• The plague once could wipe out a village.鼠疫曾一度可以夺走整个村庄村民的生命。

6 plagues   

瘟疫( plague的名词复数 )； 灾害，折磨

参考例句：

• Plagues aside, many critics see xenotransplantation as a colossal waste of resources. 除了疫病外，许多批评家把异种移植看作是资源的巨大浪费。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命
• Plagues were for merly regarded as a visitation of God. 瘟疫从前被认为是上帝的惩罚。

7 inspiration   

n.灵感，鼓励者，吸气

参考例句：

• These events provided the inspiration for his first novel.这些事件给了他创作第一部小说的灵感。
• What an inspiration she was to all around her!她对于她周围所有的人是一种多么大的鼓舞！

8 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制