VOA慢速英语2020 全球使用SolarWinds系统的政府和企业遭受网络攻击

A major cyberattack launched earlier this year has reportedly affected¹ governments and corporations worldwide.

据报道，今年年初发起的一次大型网络攻击已经影响到了全球的政府和企业。

Agencies and companies sought to secure their computer networks after the United States and other nations confirmed that a widely used network software program had been hacked³. The software is a network management system called SolarWinds.

在美国和其它国家证实一款广泛应用的网络软件程序被黑客入侵之后，各机构和企业开始寻求对其计算机网络的保护。该软件是一种名为SolarWinds的网络管理系统。

SolarWinds is an American company that provides network and technical support services to hundreds of thousands of organizations worldwide. Users of its software products include most Fortune 500 companies and government agencies in North America, Europe, Asia and the Middle East. In the U.S., users include the military, the State Department and the White House.

SolarWinds是一家向全球上万家组织提供网络和技术支持服务的美国公司。其软件产品的用户包括大多数《财富》世界500强企业以及北美、欧洲、亚洲和中东地区的政府机构。在美国的用户包括美国军队、国务院以及白宫。

The incident led the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure⁵ Security Agency (CISA) to issue a rare "emergency directive." The directive states that a "compromise of (SolarWind products) poses unacceptable risks to the security of federal networks."

该事件导致美国网络安全和基础设施安全局发布了罕见了“紧急指令。”该指令指出，SolarWinds产品的危害对联邦网络安全构成了无法接受的风险。

CISA said the directive was issued so that government agencies and private companies could investigate possible hacking⁶ of their organizations and take steps to secure their computer networks.

美国网络安全和基础设施安全局表示，发布该指令是为了让政府机构和私营企业调查对他们可能的黑客攻击，并采取措施保护其计算机网络的安全。

The national cybersecurity agencies of Britain and Ireland issued similar warnings.

英国和爱尔兰的国家网络安全机构也发布了类似的警告。

The hack² is believed to have started as early as March. Experts say the attackers were able to secretly add computer code designed to steal information from network systems.

据信这次黑客入侵最早于3月份开始。专家表示，攻击者能够偷偷添加旨在窃取网络系统信息的计算机代码。

The attack was discovered after cybersecurity company FireEye confirmed that it was a victim of hacking. FireEye made that attack public earlier this month. While investigating its own hacking, it found that the attack was extremely widespread.

网络安全公司FireEye确认自己也是黑客攻击的受害者之后，才发现了这次攻击。FireEye公司在本月初公开了这次攻击。该公司在调查自身被入侵时发现这次攻击极为广泛。

A FireEye vice⁴ president, Charles Carmakal, said the company was aware of many "high-value targets that have been compromised." The company said it was attempting to help a number of organizations deal with possible attacks. Carmakal said he expects many more organizations to learn in the coming days that they, too, were hacked.

FireEye公司副总裁查尔斯·卡玛卡表示，该公司意识到许多“高价值目标已经遭到损害。”该公司称其试图帮助许多组织应对可能的攻击。卡玛卡表示，他预期未来会有更多组织发现自己也受到了攻击。

U.S. officials said Sunday that federal agencies – including the Treasury⁷ and Commerce departments - were affected by the attack. The officials provided few details.

美国官员周日表示，包括财政部和商务部在内的联邦机构受到了这次攻击的影响。有关官员没有提供太多细节。

Hackers⁹' identity unknown

黑客身份未知

The identity of the hackers remains¹⁰ unclear.

黑客身份仍然不清楚。

SolarWinds said it was advised that an "outside nation state" had attacked its systems. Neither the U.S. government nor the affected companies have publicly said which nation state they think is responsible.

SolarWinds公司称其被告知“外部国家”攻击了该系统。美国政府和受影响企业都没有公开表示他们认为哪个国家应该对此负责。

One U.S. government official told The Associated Press Monday that Russian hackers are suspected. The official wanted to remain unnamed because of an ongoing¹¹ investigation¹².

美国政府一位官员对美联社表示，怀疑是俄罗斯黑客所为。由于调查还在进行，这位官员希望保持匿名。

Unnamed sources told The Washington Post the attack is believed to have been carried out by Russian government hackers. The attackers - identified as APT29 or Cozy¹³ Bear - are thought to be part of Russia's foreign intelligence service.

一位不愿透露姓名的消息人士对《华盛顿邮报》表示，据信这次攻击是俄罗斯政府黑客所为。确定为APT29或Cozy Bear的攻击者被视为俄罗斯对外情报部门的一部分。

In Moscow, a government spokesman rejected the idea that Russia was involved in the hacking.

莫斯科方面的政府发言人否认俄罗斯卷入了这次攻击。

Suzanne Spaulding is a former U.S. cybersecurity official who is now an adviser¹⁴ at the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies. She told the AP the cyberattack is "a reminder¹⁵ that offense¹⁶ is easier than defense¹⁷ and we still have a lot of work to do."

苏珊娜·斯波尔丁是美国前网络安全官员，目前是位于华盛顿的战略与国际研究中心的顾问。她对美联社表示，这次网络攻击提醒我们，进攻容易防守难，我们还有许多工作要做。

Ben Buchanan is an expert on cyberattacks at Georgetown University in Washington D.C. He wrote the book "The Hacker⁸ and The State." Buchanan called the hacking incident "impressive, surprising and alarming."

本·布坎南是华盛顿特区乔治敦大学的一名网络攻击方面的专家。他著有《黑客和国家》一书。布坎南称这次黑客事件“令人印象深刻、惊讶和震惊。”

Neither SolarWinds nor U.S. cybersecurity officials have publicly identified which organizations were affected. Experts say that just because a company or agency uses a SolarWinds product does not necessarily mean they were hacked. The code placed by the attackers is thought to have been added at the same time as a new software version was released by SolarWinds between March and June.

SolarWinds和美国网络安全官员都没有公开确定哪些组织受到了影响。专家表示，因为企业或机构使用了SolarWinds的产品，并不一定就意味着他们被黑客入侵了。攻击者放置的代码被认为是在SolarWinds今年3月到6月发布新软件版本同一时间添加进去的。

1 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

2 hack   

n.劈，砍，出租马车；v.劈，砍，干咳

参考例句：

• He made a hack at the log.他朝圆木上砍了一下。
• Early settlers had to hack out a clearing in the forest where they could grow crops.早期移民不得不在森林里劈出空地种庄稼。

3 hacked   

生气

参考例句：

• I hacked the dead branches off. 我把枯树枝砍掉了。
• I'm really hacked off. 我真是很恼火。

4 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

5 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

6 hacking   

n.非法访问计算机系统和数据库的活动

参考例句：

• The patient with emphysema is hacking all day. 这个肺气肿病人整天不断地干咳。
• We undertook the task of hacking our way through the jungle. 我们负责在丛林中开路。

7 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

8 hacker   

n.能盗用或偷改电脑中信息的人，电脑黑客

参考例句：

• The computer hacker wrote that he was from Russia.这个计算机黑客自称他来自俄罗斯。
• This site was attacked by a hacker last week.上周这个网站被黑客攻击了。

9 hackers   

n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 )；私自存取或篡改电脑资料者，电脑“黑客”

参考例句：

• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面，他们最终同意了。 来自互联网

10 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

11 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

12 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

13 cozy   

adj.亲如手足的，密切的，暖和舒服的

参考例句：

• I like blankets because they are cozy.我喜欢毛毯，因为他们是舒适的。
• We spent a cozy evening chatting by the fire.我们在炉火旁聊天度过了一个舒适的晚上。

14 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

15 reminder   

n.提醒物，纪念品；暗示，提示

参考例句：

• I have had another reminder from the library.我又收到图书馆的催还单。
• It always took a final reminder to get her to pay her share of the rent.总是得发给她一份最后催缴通知，她才付应该交的房租。

16 offense   

n.犯规，违法行为；冒犯，得罪

参考例句：

• I hope you will not take any offense at my words. 对我讲的话请别见怪。
• His words gave great offense to everybody present.他的发言冲犯了在场的所有人。

17 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。