VOA慢速英语2020 研究称珠峰登顶成功率较过去翻倍

People climbing Mount¹ Everest are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago, a new study finds. Everest, high in the Himalayans, is the tallest mountain above sea level on Earth. It reaches 8,848 meters into the sky.

一项新的研究发现，珠穆朗玛峰的攀登者登顶可能性是20年前的两倍，而攀登途中遇难的可能性比20年前更低。喜马拉雅山脉中的珠穆朗玛峰是地球上海拔最高的山峰。它耸入了8848米的天空。

Between 2006 and 2019, around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top. In the 15 years before that, only about one-third went all the way to the top.

在2006年到2019年，大约2/3的登山者成功完成登顶。在此之前的15年里，只有大约1/3的登山者成功登顶。

The study was a project of researchers at the University of Washington and the University of California, Davis. They found that the risk of dying on the mountain was 0.5 percent for women and 1.1 percent for men in recent years. That is down from 1.9 percent and 1.7 percent in the period from 1990 to 2005, the researchers said.

这是华盛顿大学和加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员的一个研究项目。他们发现，近年来在登山途中死亡的风险对女性来说只有0.5%，男性只有1.1%。研究人员表示，这比1990年到2005年期间的1.9%和1.7%有所下降。

The number of attempts to reach the top of Everest has risen sharply² over the years, leading to a 300 percent increase in overcrowding. In 2019, 955 climbers tried to reach the mountaintop. Only 222 people did so in 2000.

多年来，尝试登顶珠峰的次数急剧增加，这导致拥挤度提高了300%。2019年，有955名登山者试图登顶。2000年只有222人这样做。

The study noted³ that on a single day in May of last year, 396 climbers had gathered at the narrow path just below the top. The area, known as the "death zone," is so narrow that only a small number of climbers can pass through, one directly behind another.

研究指出，去年5月的某天，有396名登山者挤在山顶下方的狭窄通道上。这个被称为死亡区的区域非常狭窄，以至于只有少数登山者可以一个紧接着一个地穿过这里。

Nine climbers died on Everest in May 2019. It was the deadliest Everest climbing season since 2015 when an earthquake killed at least 18 people on the mountain.

2019年5月，有9名登山者在珠峰上遇难。这是2015年地震导致山上有18人遇难以来，珠峰登山季死亡最严重的一次。

A picture of climbers waiting their turn to go up and down through the death zone became famous as it was shared online. Yet researchers say the crowds were not the main reason for the deaths last year.

一张登山者排着队等着轮流穿越死亡区的照片发到网上火了。然而研究人员表示，拥挤并不是去年死亡的主要原因。

"Surprisingly crowding has no evident effect on success or death" of Everest climbers, the study said.

该研究表示：“令人惊讶的是，拥挤对于珠穆朗玛峰登山者的成败没有明显影响。”

However, overcrowding does make the climb more dangerous.

然而，拥挤确实会使登山更加危险。

"If crowding slows climbers (as is expected), this increases their exposure to the elements, which should increase risk of an accident or illness," said Raymond B. Huey, lead writer of the report.

该报告的主要作者雷蒙德·休伊表示：“如果拥挤如预期那样会使登山者放慢脚步，这将增加他们暴露于各种因素的机会，从而增加发生事故或患病的风险。”

An unexpected storm, earthquake, or landslide⁴ could be disastrous⁵, he told Reuters by email.

他通过电子邮件对路透社表示，一场意外的风暴、地震或是山体滑坡都可能是灾难性的。

Climbers have expressed concern that Nepal was giving anyone willing to pay the government $11,000 permission to climb Everest. Nepal plans to change its policy to require climbers to use guides, and meet physical fitness⁶ and experience qualifications, said tourism department official Mira Acharya.

登山者对尼泊尔允许任何人向政府缴纳11000美元就能攀登珠峰表示担忧。旅游部官员米拉·阿查里亚表示，尼泊尔计划改变政策，要求登山者使用向导，并达到身体健康和经验的要求。

Nepal temporarily closed its mountains to climbers because of the coronavirus health crisis⁷. Now they are open again. However, Acharya noted that flights into and within Nepal have not restarted.

因为新冠病毒健康危机，尼泊尔暂时向登山者封山。现在登山再次开放。但是，阿查里亚表示，进出尼泊尔的航班尚未重新开放。

More than 6,000 people have climbed Mount Everest since 1953, when New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay became the first climbers known to reach the top. At least 311 climbers have died trying.

自1953年新西兰人埃德蒙·希拉里和夏尔巴人坦辛·诺盖成为首批成功登顶的登山者以来，已有6千多人攀登了珠峰。至少有311人在尝试登山的过程中死亡。

1 mount   

n.山峰，乘用马，框，衬纸；vi.增长，骑上（马）；vt.提升，爬上，装备

参考例句：

• Their debts continued to mount up.他们的债务不断增加。
• She is the first woman who steps on the top of Mount Jolmo Lungma.她是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的女人。

2 sharply   

adj.锐利地，急速；adv.严厉地，鲜明地

参考例句：

• The plane dived sharply and rose again.飞机猛然俯冲而后又拉了起来。
• Demand for personal computers has risen sharply.对个人电脑的需求急剧增长。

3 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

4 landslide   

n.(竞选中)压倒多数的选票；一面倒的胜利

参考例句：

• Our candidate is predicated to win by a landslide.我们的候选人被预言将以绝对优势取胜。
• An electoral landslide put the Labour Party into power in 1945.1945年工党以压倒多数的胜利当选执政。

5 disastrous   

adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的

参考例句：

• The heavy rainstorm caused a disastrous flood.暴雨成灾。
• Her investment had disastrous consequences.She lost everything she owned.她的投资结果很惨，血本无归。

6 fitness   

n.适合，适当，健康，健身

参考例句：

• They're doing exercises to improve their fitness.他们为增强体质而做体操。
• No one questions her fitness for the job.没人怀疑她能胜任这项工作。

7 crisis   

n.危机，危急关头，决定性时刻，关键阶段

参考例句：

• He had proved that he could be relied on in a crisis.他已表明，在紧要关头他是可以信赖的。
• The topic today centers about the crisis in the Middle East.今天课题的中心是中东危机。