VOA健康报道2022 美国研究人员公布另一例猪肾移植人体手术

American doctors have released details about another operation involving the transplant of pig organs into humans.

美国医生公布了另一项涉及将猪器官移植到人体的手术的细节。

A medical team from the University of Alabama at Birmingham said it had successfully transplanted pig kidneys into a brain-dead human. The operation took place last September, but was first reported January 20.

来自阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校的一个医疗小组表示，他们已经成功地将猪肾移植到一位脑死亡的患者体内。该手术于去年9月进行，但是在1月20日才首次报道出来。

Similar operations have taken place in recent months.

最近几个月还进行了类似的手术。

In October, doctors at New York University temporarily attached a pig kidney to blood vessels¹ outside the body of a brain-dead human. And earlier this month, doctors at University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore transplanted a pig heart into a living human patient.

去年10月，纽约大学的医生将一个猪肾临时连接到一位脑死亡患者体外的血管上。本月早些时候，巴尔的摩马里兰大学医学院的医生将一颗猪心移植到一位活着的患者体内。

In all of the operations, doctors used organs from genetically⁴ modified pigs provided by Virginia-based medical company Revivicor.

在所有这些手术中，医生们都使用了总部位于弗吉尼亚州的Revivicor医疗公司提供的转基因猪的器官。

The latest experiment in Alabama was performed on 57-year-old Jim Parsons, who was declared brain-dead after being injured in a motorcycle accident. His family donated his body to science.

阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校这项最新实验是在57岁的吉姆·帕森斯身上进行的，他在一次摩托车事故中受伤后被宣布为脑死亡。他的家人将他的遗体捐献给了科学界。

For a little more than three days -- until the man's body was removed from life support -- the two pig kidneys survived with no signs of immediate⁵ rejection⁶, the medical team reported. The results were recently published in a study in the American Journal of Transplantation.

该医疗小组报告称，两个猪肾在3天多一点的时间里都存活了下来，没有出现排斥现象，直到该男子的身体脱离生命支持系统。该结果最近发表在《美国移植》杂志的一项研究中。

Dr. Jayme Locke of the University of Alabama at Birmingham led the new study. She told The Associated Press the experiment marks the beginning of a planned series of pig kidney transplants.

阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校的杰米·洛克博士领导了这项研究。她告诉美联社，该实验标志着计划中的一系列猪肾移植的开始。

"The organ shortage is in fact an unmitigated crisis, and we've never had a real solution to it," Locke said.

洛克表示：“器官短缺实际上是一场彻底的危机，我们从未有过真正的解决方案。”

She added that an important finding of the latest operation helped answer a major question: Could the pig kidney blood vessels survive the force of human blood pressure? She said the operation proved that the answer was yes.

她还表示，最新手术的一项重要发现有助于回答一个重大问题：猪肾血管能否在人体血压的作用下存活下来？她说，手术证明答案是肯定的。

One kidney was damaged during removal from the pig and did not work effectively, the team reported. But the other quickly started producing urine as a kidney is supposed to.

该小组报告称，在从猪身上取出的过程中，有一个肾脏受损无法有效工作。但另一个很快就开始像肾脏一样产生尿液。

Locke said no pig viruses were passed on to the human, and no pig cells were found in the man's bloodstream. She added that the latest experiment showed that brain-dead bodies can serve as much-needed human models to test out possible new treatments.

洛克表示，该患者没有感染猪病毒，在该男子血液中也没有发现猪细胞。她还表示，最新实验表明，脑死亡患者可以作为急需的人体模型来测试可能的新疗法。

In the donor⁷ pigs, scientists removed several genes⁸ linked to organ rejection. They also removed another gene² in an effort to prevent too much growth of pig heart tissue.

科学家在供体猪身上移除了几个与器官排斥有关的基因。他们还移除了另一个基因，以防止猪心脏组织过度生长。

Dr. Robert Montgomery has led similar experiments at New York University's Langone Health in New York City. He told the AP that scientists still have a lot to learn about how long pig organs survive, and how best to genetically change them. "I think different organs will require different genetic³ modifications," he said.

罗伯特·蒙哥马利博士在纽约大学朗格尼医学中心领导了一项类似的实验。他告诉美联社，关于猪器官的存活时间以及如何最好地对它们进行基因改造，科学家们还有很多东西需要了解。他说：“我认为不同的器官需要不同的基因改造。”

Organ donor organizations estimate there are about 110,000 Americans currently waiting for an organ transplant. And more than 6,000 patients die each year before getting an organ, reports organdonor.gov.

器官捐献组织估计目前大约有11万名美国人在等待器官移植。据器官捐献网站报道，每年有超过6000名患者在获得器官移植前死亡。

1 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2 gene   

n.遗传因子，基因

参考例句：

• A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
• The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。

3 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

4 genetically   

adv.遗传上

参考例句：

• All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
• Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物

5 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

6 rejection   

n.拒绝，被拒，抛弃，被弃

参考例句：

• He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。
• The rejection plunged her into the dark depths of despair.遭到拒绝使她陷入了绝望的深渊。

7 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

8 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪