VOA健康报道2022 美国细菌感染及死亡病例数目上升

U.S. health officials recently reported that drug-resistant infections increased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

美国卫生官员最近报告称，在新冠疫情的第一年，耐药感染人数有所增加。

The report came from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

该报告来自美国疾病控制与预防中心。

It said there was an increase in hospital infections and deaths in 2020.

报告称，2020年医院感染和死亡人数有所增加。

Dr. Arjun Srinivasan, a CDC expert, called it “a startling reversal” that he hopes was a one-year happening.

美国疾病控制与预防中心专家阿尔琼·斯里尼瓦桑博士称这是“一个令人震惊的逆转”，他希望这是一年来发生的事情。

CDC officials think there were several reasons for the rise.

美国疾病控制与预防中心的官员认为，这一增长有几个原因。

One was how COVID-19 was treated when it first appeared in the United States in early 2020.

其中之一是，2020年初，新冠病毒首次在美国出现时的治疗方法。

Antimicrobial drug resistance happens when organisms like bacteria and fungi¹ gain the ability to resist the drugs that were designed to kill them.

当细菌和真菌等生物获得了抵抗原本旨在杀死它们的药物的能力时，就会产生抗菌素耐药性。

The misuse² of antibiotics⁴ was a big reason for the increase, officials said.

官员们表示，滥用抗生素是造成这一增长的一个重要原因。

Unfinished or unnecessary prescriptions⁵ that did not kill the microorganisms made them stronger.

没有杀死微生物的未完成或不必要的处方反而会使它们变得更强。

Before the pandemic, health officials said U.S. drug-resistant infections appeared to be going down.

在疫情之前，卫生官员说，美国的耐药感染人数似乎正在下降。

Deaths fell from an estimated 44,000 in 2012 to 36,000 in 2017 — an 18 percent decrease.

死亡人数从2012年估计的4.4万人下降到2017年的3.6万人，下降了18%。

The government credited hospitals for the careful use of antibiotics, and for separating patients who might spread infections.

政府称赞医院谨慎使用抗生素，隔离可能传播感染的患者。

The CDC does not have 2020 data for all infectious diseases.

美国疾病控制与预防中心没有2020年所有传染病的数据。

But it does have information on seven kinds of bacterial⁶ and fungal infections that were found in hospital patients.

但它有在医院患者中发现的七种细菌和真菌感染的信息。

They include MRSA and a bacterium⁷ called CRE, which is known as “the nightmare bacteria.”

其中包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和一种名为抗碳青霉烯类肠杆菌的细菌，这种细菌被称为“噩梦细菌”。

The CDC reported increases of 15 percent or more in infections and deaths from that group of microorganisms.

美国疾病控制与预防中心报告称，这类微生物导致的感染和死亡人数增加了15%或更多。

From March to October 2020, almost 80 percent of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 received an antibiotic³, CDC officials said.

美国疾病控制与预防中心的官员表示，从2020年3月到10月，近80%的新冠肺炎患者接受了抗生素治疗。

Use of certain kinds of antibiotics increased as doctors used many kinds of drugs to fight both the coronavirus and any bacterial co-infections.

随着医生使用多种药物来对抗新冠病毒和任何细菌合并感染，某些抗生素的使用率增加了。

By 2021, use of antibiotics dropped.

在2021年之前，抗生素的使用率下降了。

Dr. Srinivasan noted⁸ that the use of catheters, ventilators and other medical devices might also be down.

斯里尼瓦桑博士指出，导管、呼吸机等医疗设备的使用率也可能会降低。

Those devices are used on very sick patients and can be a means for drug-resistant microbes to enter patients’ bodies.

这些设备用于重症患者，可能会是耐药微生物进入患者体内的一种方式。

Any increase in COVID-19 hospitalizations — like the one being seen in the U.S. currently — increases that risk, he said.

他说，新冠肺炎住院人数的增加——就像美国目前的情况一样——都会增加这种风险。

I’m Jonathan Evans.

乔纳森·埃文斯为您播报。

1 fungi   

n.真菌，霉菌

参考例句：

• Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
• The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。

2 misuse   

n.误用，滥用；vt.误用，滥用

参考例句：

• It disturbs me profoundly that you so misuse your talents.你如此滥用自己的才能，使我深感不安。
• He was sacked for computer misuse.他因滥用计算机而被解雇了。

3 antibiotic   

adj.抗菌的；n.抗生素

参考例句：

• The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
• Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。

4 antibiotics   

n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
• The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。

5 prescriptions   

药( prescription的名词复数 )； 处方； 开处方； 计划

参考例句：

• The hospital of traditional Chinese medicine installed a computer to fill prescriptions. 中医医院装上了电子计算机来抓药。
• Her main job was filling the doctor's prescriptions. 她的主要工作就是给大夫开的药方配药。

6 bacterial   

a.细菌的

参考例句：

• Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。
• Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。

7 bacterium   

n.(pl.)bacteria 细菌

参考例句：

• The bacterium possibly goes in the human body by the mouth.细菌可能通过口进入人体。
• A bacterium is identified as the cause for his duodenal ulcer.一种细菌被断定为造成他十二指肠溃疡的根源。

8 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。