VOA健康报道2023 怎么处理树上生长的绿色不明物

Strange Green Growths on Your Tree? Fear Not!

怎么处理树上生长的绿色不明物

Have you ever seen a tree covered in parts with green growth and wondered what it was? Were you concerned that the spreading green life might hurt the tree?

你有没有见过一棵部分长满绿色的树，并想知道它是什么？你担心蔓延的绿色生命会伤害到树吗？

Well, no need to worry. Those growths could be lichens¹, moss² or algae³, and none of them threaten the tree's health.

好吧，不用担心。这些生长物可能是地衣、苔藓或藻类，它们都不会威胁树木的健康。

They are not parasites⁵.

它们不是寄生虫。

Lichens

地衣

Lichens are symbiotic⁶ organisms of fungi⁷, algae and possibly yeast⁸. The organisms spread on the tree but they do not live off it. They live off each other. And, they all favor trees that are sick or growing in poor conditions.

地衣是真菌、藻类和酵母的共生生物。这些生物在树上传播，但它们并不以此为生，而是以彼此为生。而且，他们都喜欢生病或生长在恶劣条件下的树木。

The growth usually presents as pale green or gray, but sometimes even orange. The growth is normally crusty or leafy masses on tree branches and trunks.

生长通常呈淡绿色或灰色，但有时甚至呈橙色。树枝和树干上的生长通常是硬壳状或多叶的。

The growth of lichens is actually a sign of good environmental health as they will not survive in polluted areas. If lichens are present, the air quality in the area must be good.

地衣的生长实际上是良好环境健康的标志，因为它们不会在污染地区生存。如果有地衣，该地区的空气质量一定很好。

But it also tells you that the tree was sick enough to appeal to lichens. So, you might want to give the tree some extra healing care.

但它也告诉你，这棵树病得很厉害，足以吸引地衣。所以，你可能想给这棵树一些额外的治疗护理。

Water the tree, aerate⁹ the soil around it, and place mulch along the root zone. The area begins 10 centimeters away from the trunk. It extends as far as the branches above reach out.

给树浇水，给树周围的土壤通气，并沿着根区铺设覆盖物。该区域开始于离树干10厘米的地方。它一直延伸到上面的树枝伸出的地方。

Moss

苔藓

Moss is another non-parasitic organism that thrives in wettish conditions and grows on trees, among other things. It likes shady areas.

苔藓是另一种非寄生生物，在潮湿的环境中茁壮成长，生长在树上。它喜欢阴凉的地方。

Moss grows in green or yellow mats. It favors low soil fertility, acidic pH levels and dense¹⁰ soil. In most cases, moss growth is harmless. But if the growth becomes very large, its weight could damage branches.

苔藓生长在绿色或黄色的垫子上。它有利于低土壤肥力、酸性pH值水平和密实土壤。在大多数情况下，苔藓生长是无害的。但如果生长变得非常大，它的重量可能会损坏树枝。

To limit moss growth on a tree, remove branches in the center of the canopy¹¹. This will permit more sunlight and better airflow. You can also gently scrape the moss off the tree. You can also remove it with a chemical that kills fungi.

为了限制树上苔藓的生长，移除树冠中心的树枝。这将允许更多的阳光和更好的气流。你也可以轻轻地刮掉树上的苔藓。你也可以用一种杀死真菌的化学物质去除它。

Algae

藻类

Algae is usually considered a water plant. However, it can also grow on trees, paths, roofs, fences and houses. Like moss, it likes shade and some wetness. Algae's green or orange covering can be washed away with a powerful water hose.

藻类通常被认为是一种水生植物。然而，它也可以生长在树、小路、屋顶、栅栏和房屋上。像苔藓一样，它喜欢阴凉和潮湿。藻类的绿色或橙色覆盖物可以用强力水管冲洗掉。

You can also create a wash solution that can slow algae growth. Mix about 30 milliliters of chlorine bleach¹² or white vinegar with about 3.7 liters of water. Apply the solution directly on the algae.

你也可以创造一种可以减缓藻类生长的洗涤液。将约30毫升氯漂白剂或白醋与约3.7升水混合。将溶液直接涂抹在藻类上。

It is not necessary to remove algae from trees. But, you can if you want. Just spray affected¹³ areas with five grams of copper¹⁴ sulfate mixed into 30 milliliters of water.

没有必要清除树上的藻类。但是，如果你愿意，你可以。只需将5克硫酸铜混合到30毫升水中喷洒受影响的区域。

The algae will likely regrow in the area, however, if shady, wettish conditions remain in place.

然而，如果阴暗潮湿的环境仍然存在，藻类很可能会在该地区重新生长。

Words in This Story

parasite⁴ – n. an organism living in, on, or with another organism in order to obtain nutrients¹⁵, grow, or multiply often in a state that directly or indirectly¹⁶ harms the host

寄生虫--生活在另一个生物体内、之上或与另一个机体一起以获取营养、生长或繁殖的生物体，通常以直接或间接伤害宿主的状态存在

symbiotic – adj. characterized by or being a close, cooperative, or interdependent relationship

共生的--以紧密、合作或相互依存的关系为特征的

crusty – adj. a hard surface layer

有壳的--坚硬的表面层

aerate – v. to expose to or supply or fill to the limit with air

充气--用空气暴露、供应或填充到极限

thrive – v. to grow extremely well

旺盛,茁壮成长--长得非常好

shady – adj. sheltered from the sun's rays

遮阴的--免受阳光照射

canopy – n. the uppermost spreading branchy layer of trees

树冠--树木最上层的分枝层

1 lichens   

n.地衣( lichen的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The only plants to be found in Antarctica are algae, mosses, and lichens. 在南极洲所发现的植物只有藻类、苔藓和地衣。 来自辞典例句
• Litmus: Mixture of coloured organic compounds obtained from several species of lichens. 石蕊：从几种地衣类植物中获取的带色有机化合物的混合物。 来自互联网

2 moss   

n.苔，藓，地衣

参考例句：

• Moss grows on a rock.苔藓生在石头上。
• He was found asleep on a pillow of leaves and moss.有人看见他枕着树叶和苔藓睡着了。

3 algae   

n.水藻，海藻

参考例句：

• Most algae live in water.多数藻类生长在水中。
• Algae grow and spread quickly in the lake.湖中水藻滋蔓。

4 parasite   

n.寄生虫；寄生菌；食客

参考例句：

• The lazy man was a parasite on his family.那懒汉是家里的寄生虫。
• I don't want to be a parasite.I must earn my own way in life.我不想做寄生虫，我要自己养活自己。

5 parasites   

寄生物( parasite的名词复数 )； 靠他人为生的人； 诸虫

参考例句：

• These symptoms may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites. 这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的，而与寄生虫无关。
• Kangaroos harbor a vast range of parasites. 袋鼠身上有各种各样的寄生虫。

6 symbiotic   

adj.共栖的，共生的

参考例句：

• Racing has always had a symbiotic relationship with betting.赛马总是与赌博相挂钩。
• Engineering completely new symbiotic relationship is obviously not an imminent possibility.筹划完全新的共生关系显然是可能性不大。

7 fungi   

n.真菌，霉菌

参考例句：

• Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
• The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。

8 yeast   

n.酵母；酵母片；泡沫；v.发酵；起泡沫

参考例句：

• Yeast can be used in making beer and bread.酵母可用于酿啤酒和发面包。
• The yeast began to work.酵母开始发酵。

9 aerate   

v.充气，让空气进入

参考例句：

• It were an aquarium,complete with an air pump to aerate the running water.但最让我难忘的礼物否则玩具，而是唯一带空气泵、能通气的鱼缸。
• Each insect contributes something just as ants aerate the soil.每一种昆虫都贡献了一些事情，就象蚂蚁松土给土壤增加空气一样。

10 dense   

a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的

参考例句：

• The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。

11 canopy   

n.天篷，遮篷

参考例句：

• The trees formed a leafy canopy above their heads.树木在他们头顶上空形成了一个枝叶茂盛的遮篷。
• They lay down under a canopy of stars.他们躺在繁星点点的天幕下。

12 bleach   

vt.使漂白；vi.变白；n.漂白剂

参考例句：

• These products don't bleach the hair.这些产品不会使头发变白。
• Did you bleach this tablecloth?你把这块桌布漂白了吗？

13 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

14 copper   

n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的

参考例句：

• The students are asked to prove the purity of copper.要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
• Copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity.铜是热和电的良导体。

15 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 indirectly   

adv.间接地，不直接了当地

参考例句：

• I heard the news indirectly.这消息我是间接听来的。
• They were approached indirectly through an intermediary.通过一位中间人，他们进行了间接接触。