VOA健康报道2023 世卫组织呼吁2023年消除人造反式脂肪酸

The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for a total ban on what it calls industrially produced trans fatty acids worldwide in 2023.

世界卫生组织呼吁2023年在全球范围内全面禁止其所谓的工业生产的反式脂肪酸。

The health organization said the artificially produced form of fat is responsible for half a million early deaths each year.

世界卫生组织表示，这种人造脂肪每年导致50万人过早死亡。

Products containing trans fat are commonly found in baked goods and cooking oils.

含有反式脂肪的产品通常出现在烘焙食品和食用油中。

In 2020, the WHO said more than 58 countries have introduced laws to protect people from artificial trans fat.

2020年，世界卫生组织表示，已有超过58个国家出台了保护人们免受人造反式脂肪伤害的法律。

But, it said, more than 100 countries should remove them from their food supplies.

但是，该组织表示，100多个国家应该将反式脂肪从食品中去除。

The health agency reported that two-thirds of the deaths that it blames on trans fat happened in 15 countries.

世界卫生组织报告称，三分之二由反式脂肪导致的死亡事件发生在15个国家。

Of these countries, Canada, Latvia, Slovenia, and the United States have set limits on or banned artificial trans fat.

在这些国家中，加拿大、拉脱维亚、斯洛文尼亚和美国已经限制或禁止使用人造反式脂肪。

But many countries have yet to take action.

但许多国家尚未采取行动。

In Asia, the countries are Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, India, Iran, and South Korea.

亚洲国家包括阿塞拜疆、孟加拉国、不丹、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦、印度、伊朗和韩国。

Others include Ecuador, Mexico and Egypt.

其他国家包括厄瓜多尔、墨西哥和埃及。

Tom Frieden is head of the public health organization Resolve to Save Lives.

汤姆·弗里登是公共卫生组织“决心拯救生命”的负责人。

The organization is working with the WHO to remove artificial trans fat from the international food supply.

该组织正在与世界卫生组织合作消除国际食品中的人造反式脂肪。

He said the total removal of trans fat from food could prevent up to 17 million deaths from heart-related disease by 2040.

他说，到2040年，完全去除食物中的反式脂肪可以防止多达1700万人死于与心脏有关的疾病。

The American Heart Association is a non-profit group that supports heart health and research.

美国心脏协会是一个支持心脏健康和研究的非营利性组织。

It says there are two different kinds of trans fat.

该协会称有两种不同的反式脂肪。

Natural trans fat forms in the gut¹ of some animals and foods made from these animals such as milk and meat products.

天然反式脂肪在一些动物的肠道和由这些动物制成的食物（如牛奶和肉制品）中形成。

Artificial trans fat, also called trans fatty acids, is created through an industrial process that adds hydrogen to vegetable oils.

人造反式脂肪，也被称为反式脂肪酸，是通过在植物油中添加氢的工业过程制造出来的。

Food makers² use this lower-cost oil so food will stay fresh longer.

食品制造商使用这种成本较低的油，以使食品保鲜时间更长。

Trans fat can be found in foods such as donuts, cakes, cookies and deep-fried foods.

反式脂肪存在于甜甜圈、蛋糕、饼干和油炸食品中。

Baked goods that sit on store shelves for many months but remain soft and moist usually contain trans fat.

在商店货架上放置数月但仍保持柔软湿润的烘焙食品通常含有反式脂肪。

This is because the oil remains³ solid at room temperature.

这是因为油在室温下会保持稳定。

Frieden from Resolve to Save Lives said it is important to understand the difference between artificial trans fat and saturated⁴ fat.

“决心拯救生命”组织的弗里登说，了解人造反式脂肪和饱和脂肪之间的区别是很重要的。

He called trans fat "a toxic⁵ chemical" which should be completely removed from the food supply.

他称反式脂肪是“一种有毒的化学物质”，应该从食品中完全去除。

That is different from saturated fat, a common substance in many food groups, which "nobody is proposing to ban."

这与饱和脂肪不同，饱和脂肪是许多食物中一种常见的物质，“没有人提议禁止饱和脂肪”。

Frieden said, "Think of artificial trans fat as the tobacco of nutrition. It has no values."

弗里登说：“人造反式脂肪就像‘有营养的烟草’。它没有任何价值。”

In 2018, the WHO launched a step-by-step guide calling on governments around the world to remove artificial trans fat from the food supply.

2018年，世卫组织发布了一份循序渐进指南，呼吁世界各国政府从食品中去除人造反式脂肪。

The guide urges governments to replace trans fat with oils such as olive oil, creating public awareness⁶ of the harms of trans fat, and enforcing the anti-trans fat policies and laws.

该指南敦促各国政府用橄榄油等油取代反式脂肪，让公众认识到反式脂肪的危害，并执行反反式脂肪的政策和法律。

By the end of 2020, the health agency said new laws have protected more than 3.2 billion people from the substance.

世卫组织表示，到2020年底，新的法律已经保护了超过32亿人不受这种物质的影响。

Most of the action came from wealthy countries and areas.

大部分行动都是富裕国家和地区在开展。

But several low- and lower-middle-income countries including Bangladesh, India, the Philippines and Ukraine also followed WHO's best practices for artificial trans fat.

但包括孟加拉国、印度、菲律宾和乌克兰在内的一些低收入和中低收入国家也遵循了世卫组织关于人造反式脂肪的最佳做法。

India's policy covers more than 1 billion people.

印度的政策覆盖了超过10亿人。

And Nigeria is expected to join South Africa as the second African country to remove trans fats.

尼日利亚有望加入南非的行列，成为第二个去除反式脂肪的非洲国家。

Frieden noted⁷ 5 billion people are still at risk from trans fat.

弗里登指出，仍有50亿人面临反式脂肪的风险。

He said governments can stop preventable deaths by enacting⁸ WHO's best-practice policies.

他说，各国政府可以根据世卫组织发布的最佳做法来制定政策，以阻止可预防的死亡。

"Policy wins in one country can help encourage other countries to take action," Frieden noted.

弗里登指出：“一个国家的政策胜利有助于鼓励其他国家采取行动。”

He added that countries like India and Bangladesh could be examples for all of South and Southeast Asia.

他补充说，印度和孟加拉国等国可以成为整个南亚和东南亚的榜样。

And Nigeria, along with South Africa, would become "a leader for Africa."

尼日利亚和南非将成为“非洲的领导者”。

I'm Jill Robbins.

吉尔·罗宾斯为您播报。

1 gut   

n.[pl.]胆量；内脏；adj.本能的；vt.取出内脏

参考例句：

• It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
• My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。

2 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

4 saturated   

a.饱和的，充满的

参考例句：

• The continuous rain had saturated the soil. 连绵不断的雨把土地淋了个透。
• a saturated solution of sodium chloride 氯化钠饱和溶液

5 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

6 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

7 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

8 enacting   

制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Generally these statutes apply only to wastes from reactors outside the enacting state. 总之，这些法令只适宜用在对付那些来自外州的核废料。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• In addition, the complexion of enacting standards for live working is described. 另外，介绍了带电作业标准的制订情况。