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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Ketamine Becomes Pain Treatment Drug with Little Research
As doctors in the United States reduce their use of opioid painkillers2, another drug is becoming popular: ketamine.
For more than 50 years, ketamine has been used as a painkiller1 for patients having surgery. Now, for profit medical centers and online health services have increasingly used the drug as a treatment for pain, depression, anxiety and other conditions.
However, some experts worry about the increased use of the drug. They say there is not much research about how well the drug works to control pain. And they worry that, like opioids, too many patients may get prescriptions4 for it even though the drug carries safety and abuse risks.
Studying ketamine use
Dr. Padma Gulur is a pain specialist at Duke University in the state of North Carolina. She is studying ketamine's use. She says there are few pain medicines that doctors can choose from. So, limited research showing possible benefits of ketamine can lead to a big increase in its use, she told The Associated Press.
Gulur and her co-workers followed 300 patients receiving ketamine at Duke. They found that more than one-third of them reported important side effects that required professional help. These included hallucinations, troubling thoughts, and visual problems.
Ketamine also did not reduce opioid prescriptions in the months following treatment, Gulur said. The research is under review for publication.
Ketamine targets a brain chemical messenger called glutamate, which is thought to effect both pain and depression. A small amount of ketamine can produce strong effects on the brain, including hallucination.
Daniel Bass5 lives in the state of Kentucky. He was given ketamine for pain related to a rare bone and joint6 disorder7. He said the drug reduced his pain, but the visual effects of the drug were "horrifying8."
The business of ketamine
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ketamine 50 years ago as a painkiller for patients having surgery. The drug can now be purchased cheaply and prescribed by most doctors and some healthcare workers, like nurses, with less training.
Since 2017, prescriptions for ketamine have increased more than 500 percent, Epic9 Research, a medical data company said. Pain was the top condition for which ketamine was prescribed, though depression has been rising quickly.
Dr. David Mahjoubi owns the Ketamine Healing Clinic in Los Angeles, California. He offers ketamine for several conditions including pain, alcohol addiction10 and anxiety. "We want patients to disassociate or feel separate from their pain, depression or anxiety," he said. "If they feel like they're just sitting in the chair the whole time, we actually give them more."
Doctors can buy ketamine for less than $100 per treatment. They then charge between $500 and $1,500 to inject patients with the drug.
Online prescriptions have also become easier since COVID-19. So, health centers face increasing competition from online health services like MindBloom and Joyous11. These companies connect patients with doctors who can prescribe mixed versions of ketamine, like nasal spray and pills, remotely and send it through the mail.
In May, health officials tried to end the policy permitting online prescriptions of high-risk drugs like ketamine and opioids. But they agreed to extend the policy through 2024 after pushback from online health companies and doctors.
Dr. Samuel Wilkinson is a Yale University psychiatrist12 who prescribes ketamine and other drugs for depression. He says the current rules for prescribing ketamine are not very strict. "There's good things about that and not-so-good things about that," he said.
Last month, the FDA warned doctors and patients against mixed versions of ketamine. The agency said it does not regulate what goes into the mixtures and cannot say if they are safe. The warning followed a similar one last year about nasal spray versions of ketamine.
For now, experts say it is unlikely health officials will go beyond their recent warnings about mixtures of the drug.
Dr. Caleb Alexander is a drug safety researcher at Johns Hopkins University. He said controlling health centers is beyond the power government officials currently have.
Words in This Story
anxiety -n. a feeling of worry or nervousness
prescription3 -n. a signed order from a medical professional for medicine a patient can take
benefit -n. a good or positive effect or result
hallucination -n. a mental state of seeing something that is not really there, usually because you are ill or have taken a drug.
visual -adj. related to vision, or seeing
under review -adj. phrase; to be looked at and checked carefully
horrifying -adj. producing strong feelings of fear or extremely upsetting
addiction -n. a condition of taking harmful drugs and being unable to stop taking them
version -n. a particular form or type of something
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painkiller
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| n.止痛药 | |
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painkillers
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| n.止痛药( painkiller的名词复数 ) | |
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prescription
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| n.处方，开药；指示，规定 | |
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prescriptions
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| 药( prescription的名词复数 )； 处方； 开处方； 计划 | |
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bass
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| n.男低音(歌手)；低音乐器；低音大提琴 | |
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joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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disorder
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| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
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horrifying
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| a.令人震惊的，使人毛骨悚然的 | |
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epic
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| n.史诗，叙事诗；adj.史诗般的，壮丽的 | |
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addiction
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| n.上瘾入迷，嗜好 | |
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joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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psychiatrist
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| n.精神病专家；精神病医师 | |
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