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LGBTQ, Students of Color Feel Less Welcome under New US State Laws
Lawmakers in several U.S. states have passed limits on discussions of race, gender1 and sexuality in classrooms. Some students say the measures targeting parts of their identity have made them feel less welcome in American schools.
The first time Tennessee student Harmony Kennedy remembered experiencing racism2 was in elementary school. On a playground, a girl picked up a leaf and said she wanted to "clean the dirt" from Harmony's skin.
In 2021, Tennessee started passing legislation that could limit the discussion and teaching of Black history, gender identity and race in the classroom. To Harmony, the law's possible effects are crushing.
"When I heard they were removing African American history, banning LGBTQ, I almost started crying," said Harmony, who is 16. LGBTQ is short for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer.
Conservative leaders in some states have strongly pushed for the new restrictions3. Those lawmakers say the restrictions are necessary to fight against liberal ideas in schools. Activists4 and school boards have pushed for such moves, too. They say teachers need more oversight5 to make sure learning materials are appropriate.
Books have been removed from some school libraries. Some schools have continued call transgender students by the name they had before they changed to a different gender.
Some teachers are worried of breaking new rules. As a result, they have avoided discussions related to race, gender and other divisive issues.
‘Neutrality' policy impacts
Leo Burchell goes to a school outside Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In late 2020, during the pandemic school closures, he started using different pronouns. He started wearing different clothes. He cut his hair shorter, too. The changes, he said, felt right.
First he asked teachers to use they/them pronouns instead of she/her. Then he asked that they use he/him pronouns when talking to him.
"I changed my name to Leo, and for a while it was tough," he said. "I told the people close to me, but I wasn't ready to come out to everybody yet..."
Leo's school is part of the Central Bucks6 School District. Over the last year, the board has barred employees from using students' chosen names or pronouns without parental7 permission.
The board passed what it called a "neutrality" policy. The policy is meant to prevent social and political advocacy in classrooms. But opponents say the measure targets LGBTQ students.
One man told the school board in a meeting that transgender people presented a risk of violence in bathrooms. Leo expected another adult in the room to intervene in what felt to him like hate speech. But no one did.
So, at the next board meeting, Leo spoke8 up. "Attacking students based on who they are or who they love is wrong," he said. Leo has spoken up at other meetings since then.
Leo said he worries about what school will be like for younger transgender students.
"It really just breaks my heart to know that some of my friends, you know, might not want to go to school anymore," he said.
Students face backlash after speaking up
In Harmony's freshman9-year English class, a boy started playing with his face mask and joked, "I can't breathe, just like George Floyd," Harmony remembered. Floyd, a Black man, was murdered in 2020 by policeman in Minnesota. His death led to nationwide and worldwide protests.
Harmony told her teacher, who said she was sorry it happened but there was not much she could do.
Harmony said the incident was a reminder10 of why it is important to teach a full version of American history. A law passed by Tennessee in 2021 banned schools from teaching several ideas on race and racism. Because of the law, many teachers now avoid discussions related to race.
After the incident, Harmony decided11 to join the Forward Club. The group works to support cultural and racial inclusion at her mostly white high school. The club's members come from diverse backgrounds.
At times, students who speak out against new policies have been targeted. In Williamson County, Tennessee, where Harmony goes to school, a political action committee (PAC) accused another high school's Black student union of promoting segregation12. The PAC posted the time and place of the student group's meeting on social media. Elsewhere, transgender students who have spoken up about bullying14 have faced insults on social media.
Harmony said she has had to go outside of school to learn about Black culture and history. Her experience in high school has led her to want to attend a historically Black college.
Harmony said she wants to be able to go to school like any other teenager and focus on learning. But she said she will continue to speak out for what she believes in.
"My sister is going to be an incoming freshman this year," she said, "and I want her to have a safe learning environment where she doesn't have to really deal with all the ignorance and things."
Words in This Story
gender — n. a person's own sense of being male, female, some combination of male and female, or neither male nor female
oversight — n. a mistake made because someone forgets or fails to notice something
appropriate — adj. right or suited for some purpose or situation
transgender — adj. of or relating to people who feel that their true nature is as a member of the opposite sex
pronoun — n. a word such as I, he, she, you, it, we, or they that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase
tough — adj. very difficult to do or deal with
advocacy — n. the act or process of supporting a cause or proposal
diverse — adj. different from each other
segregation — n. the practice or policy of keeping people of different races, religions, etc., separate from each other
bully13 — v. to frighten, hurt, or threaten
ignorance — n. a lack of knowledge, understanding, or education
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gender
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| n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性 | |
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racism
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| n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识) | |
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restrictions
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| 约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则） | |
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activists
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| n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 ) | |
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oversight
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| n.勘漏，失察，疏忽 | |
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bucks
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| n.雄鹿( buck的名词复数 )；钱；（英国十九世纪初的）花花公子；（用于某些表达方式）责任v.（马等）猛然弓背跃起( buck的第三人称单数 )；抵制；猛然震荡；马等尥起后蹄跳跃 | |
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parental
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| adj.父母的；父的；母的 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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freshman
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| n.大学一年级学生(可兼指男女) | |
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reminder
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| n.提醒物，纪念品；暗示，提示 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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segregation
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| n.隔离，种族隔离 | |
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bully
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| n.恃强欺弱者，小流氓；vt.威胁，欺侮 | |
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bullying
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| v.恐吓，威逼( bully的现在分词 )；豪；跋扈 | |
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