VOA科学技术2023 海平面上升已威胁全球安全?

The United Nations chief is warning that, since 1900, sea levels around the world have risen at a faster rate than before that time.

联合国秘书长警告称，自1900年以来，全球海平面上升的速度比之前更快。

The increase puts some countries like Bangladesh, China, India and the Netherlands at risk and endangers 900 million people living in low-lying coastal¹ areas.

海平面上升使得孟加拉国、中国、印度和荷兰等国面临风险，危及生活在低洼沿海地区的9亿人。

U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres made the statements Tuesday in a speech to the U.N. Security Council.

联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯星期二在联合国安理会发表讲话时发表了上述声明。

He declared that sea levels will rise a lot even if the average world temperature increase is limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius².

他宣称，即使全球平均气温升幅被限制在1.5摄氏度以内，海平面也会大幅上升。

Guterres warned that the Earth is likely on a path to warming.

古特雷斯警告称，地球可能正在变暖。

He said that amounts to "a death sentence" for many countries, especially small island nations.

他说，对许多国家，特别是小岛屿国家来说，这相当于“死刑”。

Guterres also said many large cities face the threat of rising sea levels.

古特雷斯还表示，许多大城市面临海平面上升的威胁。

The cities he listed include Cairo, Lagos and Maputo in Africa, and Bangkok, Dhaka, Jakarta, Mumbai and Shanghai in Asia.

他列出的城市包括非洲的开罗、拉各斯和马普托，以及亚洲的曼谷、达卡、雅加达、孟买和上海。

Other threatened cities include Copenhagen and London in Europe, and Los Angeles, New York, Buenos Aires and Santiago in the Americas.

其他受到威胁的城市包括欧洲的哥本哈根和伦敦，美洲的洛杉矶、纽约、布宜诺斯艾利斯和圣地亚哥。

The World Meteorological Organization, or WMO, released data Tuesday on the danger of rising seas, Guterres said.

古特雷斯说，世界气象组织周二发布了海平面上升危险的数据。

"Global average sea levels have risen faster since 1900 than over any preceding century in the last 3,000 years," he said.

他说：“自1900年以来，全球海平面的平均上升速度比过去3000年中的任何一个世纪都要快。”

"The global ocean has warmed faster over the past century than at any time in the past 11,000 years."

“在过去的一个世纪里，全球海洋变暖的速度比过去1.1万年中的任何时候都快。”

The WMO said the sea level will rise two to three meters over the next 2,000 years if warming is limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

世界气象组织表示，如果全球气温升幅被控制在1.5摄氏度以内，海平面将在未来2000年内上升2至3米。

With a two-degree-Celsius increase, seas could rise to six meters, and with a five-degree-Celsius increase, seas could rise 22 meters.

如果气温上升2摄氏度，海平面可能会上升6米，如果气温上升5摄氏度，海平面可能会上升22米。

The consequences are unthinkable, Guterres said.

古特雷斯说，后果不堪设想。

Low-lying communities and whole countries could disappear.

地势低洼的社区和整个国家可能会消失。

The world would see a mass exodus³ of whole populations on a biblical scale.

整个世界将会出现大规模的人口迁徙。

Guterres said competition for fresh water, land and other resources would become fiercer.

古特雷斯表示，对淡水、土地和其他资源的竞争将会变得更加激烈。

The 2015 Paris Agreement called for nations to limit the rise of the average world temperature to two degrees Celsius by 2100 compared to the time before modern industry.

2015年的《巴黎协定》呼吁各国到2100年将全球平均气温较工业现代化之前的升幅控制在2摄氏度以内。

It said nations should keep the rise as close as possible to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

该协定建议各国应该尽可能地将气温上升幅度保持在1.5摄氏度左右。

The Security Council meeting also heard speakers from about 75 countries.

联合国安理会会议还听取了来自大约75个国家的发言者的想法。

All voiced concerns.

所有人都表达了担忧。

Some worried about the survival of their countries.

一些人担心他们国家的存亡。

Samoa's U.N. ambassador, Fatumanava-o-Upolu III Pa'olelei Luteru, spoke⁴ for the Alliance of Small Island States.

萨摩亚驻联合国大使法图马纳瓦·乌波卢三世帕奥莱·卢特鲁代表小岛屿国家联盟发言。

He said the island nations "are among the lowest emitters of greenhouse gases that drive climate change and sea level rise. Yet, we face some of the most severe consequences of rising sea levels."

他说，这些岛国“是导致气候变化和海平面上升的温室气体排放量最低的国家之一。然而，我们面临着海平面上升带来的一些最严重的后果。”

He said there is an urgent need for wealthy nations to fulfill⁵ their international promises on climate change and help poor countries.

他说，迫切需要富裕国家履行他们在气候变化问题上做出的国际承诺，帮助贫穷国家。

U.S. Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield agreed.

美国大使琳达·托马斯·格林菲尔德对此表示赞同。

She said that "the threat of sea level rise is real, it is a direct result of our climate crisis, and it is a matter of international peace and security."

她说，“海平面上升的威胁是真实存在的，这是我们气候危机的直接结果，它关系到国际和平与安全。”

"The worst impacts can be avoided, but we have to act now, and we have to act together," Thomas-Greenfield said.

托马斯·格林菲尔德说：“最糟糕的影响是可以避免的，但我们必须现在采取行动，我们必须共同行动。”

I'm mario Ritter, Jr.

小马里奥·里特为您播报。

1 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

2 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

3 exodus   

v.大批离去，成群外出

参考例句：

• The medical system is facing collapse because of an exodus of doctors.由于医生大批离去，医疗系统面临崩溃。
• Man's great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet.人在当前所遇到的最大挑战，就是要防止人从这个星球上消失。

4 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

5 fulfill   

vt.履行，实现，完成；满足，使满意

参考例句：

• If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了，你就要履行你的诺言。
• This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。