VOA科学技术2023 世界气象组织称过去50年极端天气造成200万人死亡

UN: Extreme Weather to Blame for 2 Million Deaths in Last 50 Years

世界气象组织称过去50年极端天气造成200万人死亡

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said in its latest report that extreme weather caused more than 2 million deaths over the past 50 years. Weather and water-related events also caused economic damage estimated to cost $4.3 trillion around the world over the same period.

世界气象组织在其最新报告中表示，极端天气在过去50年中导致200多万人死亡。与天气和水有关的事件也造成了经济损失，估计同期全球损失达4.3万亿美元。

The United Nations weather agency said the economic damage continues to rise. But it says improvements in early warning systems have helped reduce casualties.

这家联合国气象机构称经济损失持续攀升。但它表示，早期预警系统的改善有助于减少伤亡。

"Economic losses have soared. But improved early warnings and coordinated¹ disaster management has slashed² the human casualty toll³ over the past" 50 years, the WMO said in a statement.

世界气象组织在声明中表示：“经济损失激增。但在过去的50年里，改善的气象预警和协调的灾害管理大幅减少了人员伤亡。”

The weather agency, based in Geneva, Switzerland, has repeatedly warned about man-made climate change. It says rising temperatures have increased the number and intensity⁴ of extreme weather events. These include floods, storms, extremely hot weather and a lack of rain.

这家总部位于瑞士日内瓦的气象机构多次警告人为气候变化。报告称，气温上升增加了极端天气事件的数量和强度。其中包括洪水、风暴、极端炎热的天气和缺乏降雨。

The WMO said most of the economic damage between 1970 and 2021 took place in the United States. The damage there totaled $1.7 trillion. However, 90 percent of the deaths worldwide took place in developing countries. The agency said developing countries suffered a high cost when the size of their economies is considered.

世界气象组织表示，1970年至2021年间的大部分经济损失发生在美国。当地的损失总计1.7万亿美元。然而，全球报告的死亡90%发生在发展中国家。该机构表示，考虑到发展中国家的经济规模，它们承受了高昂代价。

WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas said Cyclone⁵ Mocha showed how at-risk countries "bear the brunt of weather, climate and water-related hazards." The powerful ocean storm swept across Myanmar and Bangladesh this month.

世界气象组织秘书长彼得里·塔拉斯表示，“莫查”气旋表明风险国家“首当其冲地受到天气、气候和水相关危害的影响”。本月，这场强大的海洋风暴席卷了缅甸和孟加拉国。

"In the past, both Myanmar and Bangladesh suffered death tolls⁶ of tens and even hundreds of thousands of people," he said. "Thanks to early warnings and disaster management these catastrophic mortality rates are now thankfully history."

他说：“过去，缅甸和孟加拉国都有数以万计甚至数十万人死亡。多亏有了气象预警和灾害管理，那种灾难级的灾害死亡率现已成为历史。”

"Early warnings save lives," he said.

“早期预警可以拯救生命，”他说。

12,000 extreme weather events

12000起极端天气事件

The WMO identified nearly 12,000 extreme weather events in its Atlas⁷ of Mortality and Economic Loss from Weather, Climate and Water-related Hazards. It is an update to a report, which covered a nearly 50-year period through 2019.

世界气象组织在其《天气、气候和水相关灾害造成的死亡和经济损失图集》中确定了近12000起极端天气事件。这是对一份涵盖了截至2019年近50年时间的报告的更新。

WMO admits that the number of disasters could have risen because of increased reporting on extreme weather events. The agency also said that the reports could underestimate the economic damage.

世界气象组织承认，由于对极端天气事件的报告增加，灾害数量可能会增加。该机构还表示，这些报告可能低估了经济损失。

In Africa, the WMO counted more than 1,800 disasters and 733,585 deaths related to extreme weather, including flooding and storms. The U.N. agency said the costliest⁸ was Tropical Cyclone Idai in 2019, which reportedly caused $2.1 billion in damage.

在非洲，世界气象组织统计到与极端天气相关的1800多起灾害和733585人死亡，其中包括洪水和风暴。这家联合国机构表示，损失最大的是2019年的热带气旋“伊代”，据报道造成了21亿美元的损失。

Nearly 1,500 disasters hit the southwest Pacific, causing 66,951 deaths and $185.8 billion in economic losses.

近1500起灾难袭击了西南太平洋，造成66951人死亡和1858亿美元经济损失。

Asia faced over 3,600 disasters, costing 984,263 lives and $1.4 trillion in economic losses, mostly due to the impact of cyclones⁹.

亚洲遭遇3600多场灾害，造成984263人死亡和1.4万亿美元经济损失，主要是由于飓风的影响。

South America had 943 disasters that resulted in 58,484 deaths and over $115 billion in economic losses.

南美洲发生了943起灾害，造成58484人死亡，经济损失超过1150亿美元。

Over 2,100 disasters in North America, Central America and the Caribbean led to 77,454 deaths and $2 trillion in economic losses.

北美洲、中美洲和加勒比地区发生了2100多起灾害，造成77454人死亡和2万亿美元的经济损失。

Europe had nearly 1,800 disasters, leading to 166,492 deaths and $562 billion in economic losses.

欧洲发生了近1800起灾难，导致166492人死亡和5620亿美元的经济损失。

Earlier in May, the WMO said world temperatures are likely to rise 1.5 degrees Celsius¹⁰ by 2027. The U.N. agency said that was a dangerous level, which could result in deaths and damage to the world's ecosystems¹¹.

 

世界气象组织在5月初表示，到2027年，全球气温可能上升1.5摄氏度。这家联合国机构表示，这是一个危险的水平，可能会导致死亡并破坏世界生态系统。

1 coordinated   

adj.协调的

参考例句：

• The sound has to be coordinated with the picture. 声音必须和画面协调一致。
• The numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

2 slashed   

v.挥砍( slash的过去式和过去分词 )；鞭打；割破；削减

参考例句：

• Someone had slashed the tyres on my car. 有人把我的汽车轮胎割破了。
• He slashed the bark off the tree with his knife. 他用刀把树皮从树上砍下。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

4 intensity   

n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度

参考例句：

• I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。
• The strike is growing in intensity.罢工日益加剧。

5 cyclone   

n.旋风，龙卷风

参考例句：

• An exceptionally violent cyclone hit the town last night.昨晚异常猛烈的旋风吹袭了那个小镇。
• The cyclone brought misery to thousands of people.旋风给成千上万的人带来苦难。

6 tolls   

（缓慢而有规律的）钟声( toll的名词复数 )； 通行费； 损耗； （战争、灾难等造成的）毁坏

参考例句：

• A man collected tolls at the gateway. 一个人在大门口收通行费。
• The long-distance call tolls amount to quite a sum. 长途电话费数目相当可观。

7 atlas   

n.地图册，图表集

参考例句：

• He reached down the atlas from the top shelf.他从书架顶层取下地图集。
• The atlas contains forty maps,including three of Great Britain.这本地图集有40幅地图，其中包括3幅英国地图。

8 costliest   

adj.昂贵的( costly的最高级 )；代价高的；引起困难的；造成损失的

参考例句：

• At 81 billion dollars, Katrina is the costliest natural disaster in American history. “卡特里娜”飓风造成了近810亿美圆的损失，是美国历史上最严重的自然灾难之一。 来自互联网
• Senator John Kerry has proposed a tax on the costliest health plans sold by insurance companies. 参议员约翰？克里(JohnKerry)已经提议对保险公司销售的高价值的保险计划征税。 来自互联网

9 cyclones   

n.气旋( cyclone的名词复数 )；旋风；飓风；暴风

参考例句：

• The pricipal objective in designing cyclones is to create a vortex. 设计旋风除尘器的主要目的在于造成涡旋运动。 来自辞典例句
• Middle-latitude cyclones originate at the popar front. 中纬度地区的气旋发源于极锋。 来自辞典例句

10 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

11 ecosystems   

n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样，从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句