VOA科学技术2023 新手册强调以合乎伦理方式发展科技

New Handbook Highlights Ways to Develop Tech Ethically²

新手册强调以合乎伦理方式发展科技

Artificial intelligence technology is developing quickly. A new handbook aims to help technology developers make the best ethical¹ decisions for the public.

人工智能技术发展迅速。一本新的手册旨在帮助技术开发人员为公众做出最佳的伦理决策。

The new handbook is called Ethics³ in the Age of Disruptive Technologies: An Operational Roadmap. It promises to give guidance on concerns related to the ethical use of AI technology such as ChatGPT.

这本新手册名为《颠覆性技术时代的伦理：运作路线图》。它承诺就ChatGPT等人工智能技术合乎伦理应用的相关问题提供指导。

The handbook has been in the works for a few years. But the writers said they saw a need to work on it with greater urgency with the recent increased use of AI.

这本手册已经编写了好几年了。但作者们表示，随着最近人工智能应用的增长，他们认为有必要更加紧迫地开展这项工作。

ITEC

技术、伦理和文化研究所

The Institute of Technology, Ethics and Culture (ITEC) released the handbook on June 28. ITEC was launched by Santa Clara University's Markkula Center for Applied⁴ Ethics and the Vatican's Center for Digital Culture.

技术、伦理和文化研究所于6月28日发布了该手册。技术、伦理和文化研究所是由圣克拉拉大学的马库拉应用伦理中心和梵蒂冈的数字文化中心发起。

Father Brendan McGuire worked in the technology industry before entering the priesthood about 23 years ago. He served as the executive director of the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association in the early 1990s.

布伦丹·麦奎尔神父在23年前成为牧师之前曾在科技行业工作。20世纪90年代初，他担任国际个人计算机存储卡协会的执行董事。

McGuire said that over the years, he has continued to meet with friends from the tech world. Many of them are now leaders in the industry. About 10 years ago, their discussions started to get more serious, he said.

麦奎尔说，这些年来，他一直在与科技界的朋友会面。他们中的许多人现在是这个行业的领导者。他说，大约10年前，他们的讨论开始变得更加严肃。

"They said, 'What is coming over the hill with AI, it's amazing, it's unbelievable. But it's also frightening if we go down the wrong valley,'" McGuire said.

麦奎尔说：“他们说，‘人工智能的未来令人惊讶和难以置信。但如果我们走错了路，那也很可怕。’”。

McGuire said his former coworkers noted⁵ there is no system to make decisions. He got in touch with Kirk Hanson, who was head of the Markkula Center. He also contacted a local bishop⁶, or Catholic religious official.

麦奎尔说，他的前同事指出，没有一个系统可以做出决定。他与马库拉中心的负责人柯克·汉森取得了联系。他还联系了当地的一位主教，也就是天主教的宗教官员。

The three of them got together and thought about what they could do. They decided⁷ they should get the Vatican involved in their efforts. Involving the government of the Roman Catholic Church made sense to them because tech companies are international companies.

他们三人聚在一起，思考他们能做些什么。他们决定让梵蒂冈参与他们的努力。让罗马天主教会的管理机构参与进来对他们来说是有意义的，因为科技公司是国际公司。

For McGuire, a Catholic priest, getting guidance from the Vatican was a natural step. He worked with Bishop Paul Tighe, who was serving as the secretary of the Vatican's Dicastery for Culture and Education. The department works for the development of people's human values.

对于身为天主教牧师的麦奎尔来说，取得梵蒂冈的指导是自然而然的一步。他曾与时任梵蒂冈文化和教育司司长的保罗·蒂格主教共事。该部门致力于人类价值观的发展。

McGuire said Pope Francis asked Tighe to look into addressing ethical concerns related to technology.

麦奎尔说，教皇方济各要求蒂格研究解决与科技相关的伦理问题。

After a few years of working together, the Markkula Center and the Vatican officially created the ITEC program in 2019.

经过几年的合作，马库拉中心和梵蒂冈于2019年正式创建了技术、伦理和文化研究所项目。

That same year, the Vatican held a meeting in Rome called "The Common Good in the Digital Age." McGuire said about 270 people joined. Among them were American technology company leaders and experts in robotics, cyberwarfare and security.

同年，梵蒂冈在罗马举行了一次名为“数字时代共同利益”的会议。麦奎尔说，大约有270人参加了会议。其中包括美国科技公司的领导者以及机器人、网络战和安全方面的专家。

After talking with tech leaders, the ITEC team decided to create a handbook to help companies think about how technology can be used in ethical ways.

在与技术领导者交谈后，技术、伦理和文化研究所团队决定编写一本手册，帮助公司思考如何以合乎伦理的方式使用科技。

The guidelines are not just for Catholics, McGuire said.

麦奎尔说，这些指导方针不仅仅针对天主教徒。

Ann Skeet is senior director of leadership ethics at the Markkula Center. She was one of the handbook's writers. She said the handbook is written in a way that is familiar to business leaders.

安·斯基特是马库拉中心领导伦理的高级主管。她是该手册的作者之一。她说，这本手册是以商界领袖熟悉的方式编写的。

This handbook comes as leaders in AI are calling for help. In May, Sam Altman of OpenAI stated the need for a new agency to help regulate the powerful systems. And Microsoft president Brad Smith said the U.S. government needs to "move faster" as AI progresses.

这本手册发布之际，人工智能领域的领导者正在寻求帮助。5月，OpenAI的萨姆·阿尔特曼表示需要一个新的机构来帮助监管这个强大的系统。微软总裁布拉德·史密斯表示，随着人工智能的发展，美国政府需要“加快步伐”。

1 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

2 ethically   

adv.在伦理上，道德上

参考例句：

• Ethically , we have nothing to be ashamed about . 从伦理上说，我们没有什么好羞愧的。
• Describe the appropriate action to take in an ethically ambiguous situation. 描述适当行为采取在一个道德地模棱两可的情况。

3 ethics   

n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准

参考例句：

• The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。
• Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。

4 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

5 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

6 bishop   

n.主教，（国际象棋）象

参考例句：

• He was a bishop who was held in reverence by all.他是一位被大家都尊敬的主教。
• Two years after his death the bishop was canonised.主教逝世两年后被正式封为圣者。

7 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。