VOA时事新闻2023 瑞典将成为欧洲首个"无烟"国家

Sweden is getting close to becoming the first "smoke-free" country in the European Union (EU).

瑞典即将成为欧盟第一个“无烟”国家。

The country of 10.5 million people has had the lowest percentage of smokers¹ in the EU for many years.

这个拥有1050万人口的国家多年来一直是欧盟吸烟者比例最低的国家。

A country is "smoke-free" if less than five percent of the population smokes daily.

如果一个国家每天吸烟的人口少于5%，那么这个国家就是“无烟国家”。

Only 6.4 percent of Swedes over the age of 15 were daily smokers in 2019.

2019年，15岁以上的瑞典人中只有6.4%的人每天吸烟。

That was the lowest percentage in the EU.

这是欧盟最低的比例。

The Eurostat statistics² agency³ says that across the 27 countries of the EU, the average was 18.5 percent.

欧盟统计局表示，欧盟27个国家的平均值为18.5%。

Data from the Public Health Agency of Sweden show that the smoking rate has continued to fall, reaching 5.6 percent last year.

瑞典公共卫生署的数据显示，吸烟率继续下降，去年达到5.6%。

"We like a healthy way to live, I think that's the reason," said Carina Astorsson, who lives in Stockholm.

住在斯德哥尔摩的卡琳娜·阿斯托森说：“我们喜欢健康的生活方式，我想这就是原因所在”。

Smoking never interested her, she added, because "I don't like the smell; I want to take care of my body."

她补充说，她对吸烟从不感兴趣，因为“我不喜欢烟味；我想照顾好自己的身体。”

Sweden says its anti-smoking actions improve health in several ways, including a lower rate of lung cancer.

瑞典表示，其禁烟行动在多个方面改善了居民的健康状况，其中包括降低了肺癌发病率。

Ulrika Arehed is secretary-general of the Swedish Cancer Society.

乌里卡·阿雷德是瑞典癌症协会的秘书长。

She said Sweden was early to limit smoking in public places such as school playgrounds.

她说，瑞典很早就开始限制在学校操场等公共场所吸烟。

Later, the country added smoking bans for outdoor restaurants and bus stations.

后来，该国又在户外餐厅和公交车站增设了禁烟令。

The country also increased taxes on cigarettes and changed rules on how they can be sold.

该国还增加了香烟税，并改变了香烟销售规定。

However, other forms of tobacco remain popular in Sweden.

然而，其他形式的烟草在瑞典仍然很受欢迎。

Snus is a wet tobacco powder placed in the mouth next to the teeth.

鼻烟是一种湿的烟草粉末，放在嘴里靠近牙齿的地方。

Snus makers⁵ say their products help reduce cigarette smoking.

鼻烟制造商表示，他们的产品有助于减少吸烟。

But health officials say snus is another product that makes people addicted⁶ to nicotine⁷, the main drug in tobacco.

但卫生官员表示，鼻烟是另一种使人们对尼古丁上瘾的产品，尼古丁是烟草中的主要成分。

"It is true that smoking is more harmful than most things you can do, including snus. But…there are many health risks even with snus," said Arehed.

阿雷德说：“吸烟确实比你能做的大多数事情都更有害，包括吸鼻烟。但吸鼻烟也有很多健康风险。”

Snus is such a popular part of Swedish culture that the country demanded an exemption⁸ to the EU's ban on smokeless tobacco when it joined the EU in 1995.

鼻烟是瑞典文化中非常受欢迎的一部分，以至于瑞典在1995年加入欧盟时要求欧盟豁免对无烟烟草的禁令。

Patrik Hildingsson is a spokesman⁹ for Swedish Match, Sweden's top snus maker⁴.

帕特里克·希尔丁森是瑞典最大的鼻烟制造商瑞典火柴公司的发言人。

He said officials should urge the tobacco industry to develop less harmful choices to smoking such as snus and e-cigarettes.

他说，官员们应该敦促烟草行业开发出危害较小的选择，如鼻烟和电子烟。

If snus and similar products are included, the World Health Organization (WHO) notes that more than 20 percent of adults in Sweden use tobacco.

如果将鼻烟和类似产品包括在内，世界卫生组织指出，瑞典超过20%的成年人使用烟草。

This brings Sweden close to the world average.

这使瑞典接近世界平均水平。

"Switching from one harmful product to another is not a solution," the WHO said in an email to The Associated Press.

世界卫生组织在给美联社发送的一封电子邮件中说：“从一种有害产品转向另一种有害产品并不是解决办法。”

Tove Marina Sohlberg is a researcher at Stockholm University's Department of Public Health Sciences.

托芙·玛丽娜·索尔伯格是斯德哥尔摩大学公共卫生科学系的研究员。

She said Sweden's anti-smoking rules have pushed smokers away from public spaces.

她说，瑞典的禁烟规定迫使吸烟者远离公共场所。

"We are sending signals to the smokers that this is not accepted by society," she said.

她说：“我们正在向吸烟者发出信号，这是不被社会接受的。”

The WHO marked "World No Tobacco Day" on Wednesday.

周三，世界卫生组织庆祝“世界无烟日”。

I'm Ashley Thompson.

阿什利·汤普森为您播报。

1 smokers   

吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。

2 statistics   

n.统计，统计数字，统计学

参考例句：

• We have statistics for the last year.我们有去年的统计资料。
• Statistics is taught in many colleges.许多大学都教授统计学。

3 agency   

n.经办；代理；代理处

参考例句：

• This disease is spread through the agency of insects.这种疾病是通过昆虫媒介传播的。
• He spoke in the person of Xinhua News Agency.他代表新华社讲话。

4 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

5 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 addicted   

adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的

参考例句：

• He was addicted to heroin at the age of 17.他17岁的时候对海洛因上了瘾。
• She's become addicted to love stories.她迷上了爱情小说。

7 nicotine   

n.(化)尼古丁，烟碱

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。

8 exemption   

n.豁免，免税额，免除

参考例句：

• You may be able to apply for exemption from local taxes.你可能符合资格申请免除地方税。
• These goods are subject to exemption from tax.这些货物可以免税。

9 spokesman   

n.发言人，代言人

参考例句：

• The government spokesman gave a quick briefing to the reporters.政府发言人向记者们作了情况简介。
• They drew lots to decide who should be their spokesman.他们抽签决定谁是他们的发言人。