VOA科学技术2024 气象机构称2023年打破全球高温记录

Climate Agency: 2023 Broke Global Heat Record

气象机构称2023年打破全球高温记录

Copernicus, the European climate agency, says 2023 broke records for global warmth.

欧洲气候机构哥白尼气候变化服务局表示，2023年打破了全球变暖的记录。

The average temperature for the year was 1.48 degrees Celsius¹ above the world's pre-industrial temperature.

今年的平均气温比全球工业化前的温度高1.48摄氏度。

World climate experts agree that an average increase up to 1.5 degrees or higher could lead to extreme climate disasters. They set the 1.5 degree Celsius mark at a 2015 climate conference in Paris.

世界气候专家一致认为，平均气温上升1.5度或更高可能导致极端气候灾害。他们在2015年巴黎气候大会上设定了1.5摄氏度的目标。

However, January 2024 is measuring so warm that it is likely to average at or beyond the 1.5 mark for the month, says Samantha Burgess. She is Deputy² Director of Copernicus. Scientists have repeatedly said an average of 1.5 degrees of warming over as much as thirty years would violate³ the limit.

然而，萨曼莎·伯吉斯表示，2024年1月的气温非常温暖，该月的平均上升气温可能达到或超过1.5摄氏度。她是哥白尼气候变化服务局的副局长。科学家们一再表示，30年内平均升温1.5度将违反这一限制。

The 1.5 degree goal "has to be (kept) alive because lives are at risk and choices have to be made," Burgess said.

伯吉斯说，1.5摄氏度的目标“必须维持下去，因为生命处于危险之中，人类必须做出选择”。

The record heat made life difficult and sometimes deadly in Europe, North America and China, among other places. Climate scientists say heat is not the only problem related to temperature rise. They say severe weather events such as heavy rains that cause flooding, along with wildfires and extreme dry conditions are connected to the rising temperatures.

创纪录的高温使欧洲、北美和中国等地的生活变得艰难，有时甚至是致命的。气象学家表示，高温并不是与气温上升相关的唯一问题。他们说，导致洪水的暴雨、野火和极端干旱等恶劣天气事件与气温上升有关。

For the first time, nations meeting on climate late in 2023 agreed that the world needs to move away from polluting fossil⁴ fuels.

2023年末举行的各国气候会议首次一致认为，世界需要摆脱有污染的化石燃料。

Copernicus said the average temperature in 2023 was one-sixth of a degree Celsius above the past record, set in 2016. The average temperature was 14.98 degrees Celsius.

哥白尼气候变化服务局表示，2023年的平均气温比2016年创下的历史纪录高出六分之一摄氏度。今年平均气温为14.98摄氏度。

"It was record-breaking for seven months. We had the warmest June, July, August, September, October, November, December," Burgess said. "It wasn't just a season or a month that was exceptional⁵. It was exceptional for over half the year."

伯吉斯说：“有七个月破了纪录。我们经历了最热的6月、7月、8月、9月、10月、11月和12月。这不仅仅是一个季度或一个月的异常情况。在半年多的时间里都是异常情况。”

Malte Meinshausen is a climate scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia. He says about 1.3 degrees Celsius of the warming comes from greenhouse gases, with another 0.1 degrees from usual weather conditions such as El Nino.

毛特·迈因斯豪森是澳大利亚墨尔本大学的气象学家。他说，大约1.3摄氏度的变暖来自温室气体，另外0.1摄氏度来自厄尔尼诺等常见气象条件。

Copernicus records only go back to 1940. Other organizations will announce climate reports for 2023 on Friday. The groups include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric⁶ Administration in the U.S. and Great Britain's Meteorological Office.

哥白尼气候变化服务局的记录只能追溯到1940年。其他组织将于周五公布2023年的气候报告。这些组织包括美国国家海洋和大气管理局以及英国气象局。

While some national weather offices only have records going back to the 1940s, many scientists agree that this is the warmest period for the Earth in over 100,000 years.

虽然一些国家气象局的记录只能追溯到20世纪40年代，但许多科学家一致认为，今年是地球10多万年来最热的时期。

Copernicus said there were two and nearly three days in 2023 where the world's average temperature was at least 2 degrees above that of the pre-industrial period. In addition, for more than half the year, the world average temperature was 1.5 degrees warmer than in the mid-1800s.

哥白尼气候变化服务局表示，2023年有两到近三天，世界平均气温比工业化前至少高出2度。此外，在大半年的时间里，世界平均气温比19世纪中期高1.5度。

1 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

2 deputy   

n.代理人，代表，副职；adj.代理的，副的

参考例句：

• John will act as a deputy for me during my absence.我离开期间，约翰将代理我的职务。
• She is the deputy headmistress of the school.她是那所学校的代理校长。

3 violate   

vt.违反，违背，亵渎，侵犯，妨碍

参考例句：

• Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.那些违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
• Can they be allowed to violate rules and regulations at will?难道能容许他们随心所欲地破坏规章制度吗？

4 fossil   

n.化石，食古不化的人，老顽固

参考例句：

• At this distance of time it is difficult to date the fossil.时间隔得这么久了，很难确定这化石的年代。
• The man is a fossil.那人是个老顽固。

5 exceptional   

adj.优越的，杰出的，例外的，独特的，异常的

参考例句：

• He is a man of exceptional talent.他是位具有非凡才能的人。
• He showed exceptional musical ability.他显示出特殊的音乐才能。

6 atmospheric   

adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的

参考例句：

• Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
• Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。