来自世界各地的雇员在美国的工作状况

01 来自世界各地的雇员在美国的工作状况

TIA-Foreign Workers in the US
DATE=2-12-01
TITLE=THIS IS AMERICA #1051- Foreign Workers in the US
BYLINE=Yenni Djahidin Grow

VOICE ONE: 

Many people from around the world are (1)seeking jobs in the United States.  There are several ways of finding a job here.  I'm Steve Ember.

VOICE TWO:

And I'm Shirley Griffith.  How new (2)immigrants find a job is our report today on the VOA Special English program THIS IS AMERICA.

((THEME))

VOICE ONE:

The United States is an (3)industrial country with a low percentage of people who do not have jobs.  The (4)unemployment rate is about four percent.  Many American (5)companies have problems finding skilled workers.  

Computer (6)software companies, the (7)agriculture (8)industry, hotels and other companies are seeking workers from other countries.  For example, Microsoft, I-B-M and many other high (9)technology companies are seeking skilled workers from countries such as India, China, and the Philippines. 

The (10)Institute for the Study of (11)International (12)Migration¹ reports there are about four-hundred-twenty-thousand high-tech² foreign workers in the United States.  The group says the number will rise to almost Four-Hundred-Seventy Thousand in the next ten years.

VOICE TWO:

The United States (13)Department of Labor³ is the government agency that (14)deals with employment(15) issues.  It reports that there were more than fifteen-million foreign workers in the United States in Nineteen-Ninety-Nine.  This is the highest number of foreign workers in seventy years.  It is seventeen percent higher than in Nineteen-Ninety-Six. 

Immigrants represent twelve percent of all workers in the United States. However, about five-million of these workers are(16) illegal immigrants. They/(17) lack official work permits.

Foreign workers have many kinds of jobs. Many have good jobs in science and technology.  But many others have difficult jobs with low pay.  These jobs include working in meat production centers and on building projects, cleaning hotel rooms and picking fruits and (18)vegetables.

VOICE ONE:

Foreigners who want to work in the United States must have a work permit.  There are different kinds of work permits.  People who have (19)permission to live (20)permanently⁴ in the United States are permitted to work.  The United States Immigration and (21) Naturalization Service is the government agency that deals with immigrants.  It reports that more than Six-hundred-Thousand people were given permission to live permanently in the United States in Nineteen-Ninety-Eight.  

Citizens of other countries also can get a (22)temporary work permit.  This lets them live and work in the United States as long as they have a job. 

((MUSIC BRIDGE)) 

VOICE TWO:

The Immigration and Nationality Act permits at least one-hundred-forty-thousand immigrants to live in the United States each year based on employment.  There are five groups of workers whose immigration to the United States is based on employment. Some of these require a job offer from an employer and official (23)approval by the Labor Department. 

The first group is priority⁵ workers.  These include people with the highest level of(24) ability in the sciences, arts, education, business or sports. They also include (25)extremely successful business leaders, professors, and researchers.

VOICE ONE:

The second group is foreigners with a special skill or those with special training in the sciences, arts or business. For example, artists and professors can receive a work permit this way.

The third group is(26) professionals and skilled or experienced workers.  This group includes people with a special skill who can do work not generally done by Americans.  Two examples would be computer(27)programmers and people who work as foreign language (28)broadcasters with the Voice of America. 
The fourth group is(29) religious workers.  Foreigners can ask for a work permit if they plan to work as a (30)clergyman or in another kind of job with a religious organization in the United States.

VOICE TWO:

The fifth group is people who(31) create employment and (32)contribute to the economic growth of the United States.   Foreigners can ask for a work permit if they want to(33) invest their money in businesses in the United States.  Foreign investors⁷ are generally required to invest at least one-million dollars.  However, they can invest only five-hundred-thousand dollars if they open a business outside a big city or in an area of high unemployment.

A foreign investor⁶ may either create a new business or buy an existing business.  The business must create at least ten full-time⁸ jobs for American citizens or other people who have permits to work in the United States.

((MUSIC BRIDGE))

VOICE ONE:

Foreign college students can also get work permits.  The student will need a permit from the college or university before starting to look for a job.  Usually, students are permitted to work as many as twenty hours a week during the school term.  In the summer months or during holiday periods, they may work as much as forty hours a week.  Many college or university students decide to work in eating places, book stores or other businesses at their school.

VOICE TWO:

People with work permits can find jobs in several ways. For example, they can look at job (34)listings in newspapers.  Usually newspapers have (35)detailed listings of job openings on Saturdays or Sundays.  For example, the Washington Post has a special section for job listings.

The newspaper divides the job listings into several different areas, including technology, education and health.  Technology jobs, for example, include many jobs with Internet companies. 

Education jobs includes teaching positions at schools --- from schools for very young children to universities. The newspaper lists many health care jobs, such as working as a nurse in a hospital or taking care of older people.

VOICE ONE:

Many people use computers to look for job openings on the Internet. For example, one Internet web site has a lot of information about finding a job in the United States.  It also has information on how to ask for a work permit.  It is called Immigrationlink-Dot-Com.  

Another Internet web site is called Monster-Dot-Com. It lists thousands of jobs in the United States and around the world.  People can use this web site to find a job in the area where they want to work.  They can also (36)compare pay for the same job in different places.

VOICE TWO:

If job seekers can not find the job they want, they can publish their job requirements on the Internet.  For example, a health care worker can list his or her work experience and training on the Internet.  So, a company interested in that person can (37)communicate directly with him or her.

Many people find jobs by sending letters to employers or talking directly with them.  Another way to find a job is by looking for (38)announcements of job openings at the work place.  For example, many stores and eating places put "help wanted" signs on their windows.  So, if a person is interested in the job, he or she can apply directly. 

((MUSIC BRIDGE))

VOICE ONE:

Many American companies require some kind of test for employment (39)candidates.  There are several kinds of tests, from simple questions to discussions with a company (40)representative.  Many stores require a test to investigate the honesty of future workers. 

However, some foreign workers say they failed an employment test because they did not understand the questions.  For example, an Indonesian student living in the state of (41)Virginia recently took an employment test.  He said he was told to answer one-hundred questions in one hour.  He failed the test.  He said he needed more time to understand the questions.

VOICE TWO:

Many companies offer training for their new employees.  Usually, the company pays the employees during the training period.  In many companies, employees may join a labor union to represent them. The union negotiates⁹ with the employer.  The union offers help to workers when they need it.  For example, a worker can ask help from the union if he or she is (42)dismissed. 

Working in the United States is the (43)goal for many people from other countries.  Experts say people should get as much information as possible about working in the United States.  They say a good place to start is by asking the American(44) Embassy¹⁰ or (45)diplomatic office for more information. 

(THEME)

VOICE ONE:

This program was written by Yenni Djahidin Grow. It was produced by Cynthia Kirk. I'm Steve Ember.

VOICE TWO:

And I'm Shirley Griffith. Join us again next week for another report about life in the United States on the VOA Special English program, THIS IS AMERICA.

(1) seek [ si:k ] v.寻找, 探索, 寻求
(2) immigrant[ 5imigr[nt ]adj.(从外国)移来的, 移民的, 移居的n.移民, 侨民
(3) industrial[ in5dQstriEl ]adj.工业的, 产业的, 实业的, 从事工业的n.工业工人
(4) unemployment[ 5Qnim5plRimEnt ]n.失业, 失业人数
(5) company[ 5kQmpEni ]n.公司, 陪伴
(6) software[ 5sRftwZ[ ]n.软件
(7) agriculture[5AgrikQltFE ]n.农业, 农艺, 农学
(8) industry [ 5indEstri ]n.工业, 产业, 行业, 勤奋
(9) technology[ tek5nRlEdVi ] n.工艺, 科技, 技术
(10) institute [ 5institju:t ]n.学会, 学院, 协会vt.创立, 开始, 制定, 开始(调查), 提起(诉讼)
(11) international [7intE(:)5nAFEnEl ] adj.国际的, 世界的n.国际性组织, 国际比赛
(12) migration [ mai5^reiFEn ]n.移民, 移植, 移往, 移动
(13) department[ di5pB:tmEnt ]n.部, 局, 处, 科, 部门, 系, 学部
(14) deal[ di:l ]n.交易, <口>买卖vi.处理, 应付, 做生意vt.分配, 分给(out)
(15) issue[5isju: ]n.出版, 发行, vi.发行, 造成...结果, 进行辩护vt.发布(命令), 出版(书等)
(16) illegal [ i5li:^El ]adj.违法的, 不合规定的
(17) lack[ lAk ]n.缺乏, 短缺的东西vt.缺乏, 没有, 需要vi.缺乏, 没有
(18)vegetable [ 5vedVitEbl ]n.蔬菜, 植物adj.蔬菜的, 植物的
(19)permission [ pE(:)5miFEn ]n.许可, 允许
(20)permanently [5p:mEntlI]adv.永存地, 不变地
(21) naturalization[ nAtFErElai5zeiFEn ]n.移入, 移植
(22)temporary [ 5tempErEri ] adj.暂时的, 临时的, 临时性
(23) approval [ E5pru:vEl ] n.赞成, 承认, 正式批准
(24) ability [ E5biliti ] n.能力, 才干
(25)extremely [ iks5tri:mli ] adv.极端地, 非常地
(26)professional[prE5feF[nl]n.自由职业者,专业人员, 职业运动员
(27)programmer[ 5prEu^rAmE ]n.程序师, 程序规划员
(28)broadcaster[ 5brC:dkB:stE ]n.播送设备, 广播员, 撒播物广播公司
(29)religious[ri5lidVEs] adj.信奉宗教的, 虔诚的, 宗教上的, 修道的, 严谨的
(30)clergyman[ 5kl[:dVimEn ] n.牧师, 教士
(31) create[ kri5eit ] vt.创造, 创作, 引起, 造成
(32)contribute[ k[n5tribju:t ]v.捐助, 捐献, 贡献, 投稿
(33) invest[ in5vest ] v.投(资), 购买(有用之物)～, 授予, 投资
(34)listing [ 5listiN ] n.[计] 清单, 列表vbl.list的进行时
(35)detailed[5di:teild ] adj.详细的, 逐条的
(36)compare[ kEm5pZ[ ] v.比较, 相比, 比喻  n.比较
(37)communicate[ kE5mju:nikeit ]v.沟通, 通信, (房间、道路、花园等)相通, 传达, 感染
(38)announcement[ E5naunsmEnt ]n.宣告, 发表, 一项公告, 一项私人告示
(39)candidate[ 5kAndidit ] n.候选人, 投考者
(40)representative[ 7repri5zentEtiv ] n.代表adj.典型的, 有代表性的
(41)Virginia[ vE(:)5dVinjE ] n.维吉尼亚
(42)dismiss [ dis5 mis ]vt.解散, 下课, 开除, 解职, 使(或让)离开vi.解散
(43)goal[ gEul ] n.目的, 目标, 守门员, 球门, (球赛等的)得分
(44)embassy[ 5embEsi ] n.大使及其随员, 大使的派遣, 大使馆
(45)diplomatic[ 7diplE5mAtik ] adj.外交的, 老练的

1 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

2 high-tech   

adj.高科技的

参考例句：

• The economy is in the upswing which makes high-tech services in more demand too.经济在蓬勃发展，这就使对高科技服务的需求量也在加大。
• The quest of a cure for disease with high-tech has never ceased. 人们希望运用高科技治疗疾病的追求从未停止过。

3 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

4 permanently   

adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地

参考例句：

• The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
• The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。

5 priority   

n.优先处理的事，居先，优先（权）

参考例句：

• The development of the national economy is a top priority.发展国民经济是应予以最优先考虑的事。
• Things should be taken up in order of priority.办事应有个先后次序。

6 investor   

n.投资者，投资人

参考例句：

• My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
• The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。

7 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

8 full-time   

adj.满工作日的或工作周的，全时间的

参考例句：

• A full-time job may be too much for her.全天工作她恐怕吃不消。
• I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job.既要照顾家庭又要全天工作，我不知道她是如何对付的。

9 negotiates   

谈判，协商，议定( negotiate的第三人称单数 )； 兑现（支票等）； 通过，越过（险要路段）

参考例句：

• Huifeng welcomes old and new customers cooperation, negotiates wholeheartedly! 新力竭诚欢迎新老客户合作、洽谈！
• It is the only international organization that negotiates trade rules. 该组织是唯一商讨贸易原则的国际性组织。

10 embassy   

n.大使馆，大使及其随员

参考例句：

• Large crowd demonstrated outside the British Embassy.很多群众在英国大使馆外面示威。
• He's a U.S. diplomat assigned to the embassy in London.他是美国驻伦敦大使馆的一名外交官。