PEOPLE IN AMERICA #1815 - Mary Lyon

30 19世纪美国妇女教育运动先锋-玛莉·莱恩

DATE=4-1-01
TITLES=PEOPLE IN AMERICA #1815 - Mary Lyon
BYLINE=Vivian R. Bournazian

     VOICE ONE:
     I'm Steve Ember.
     VOICE TWO:
     And I'm Shirley Griffith. Every week at this time, we tell the story of someone important in the history of the United¹ States. Today, we tell about Mary Lyon. She was a （1）leader in women's （2）education in the last century.     (THEME)
     VOICE ONE:
     During the Nineteenth Century, women's education was not considered important in the United States.
 （3）Supporters of （4）advanced education for women faced many problems.     States did (5) require each town to provide a school for children, but teachers often were poorly prepared. Most young women were not able to continue on with their education in (6) private schools. If they did, they often were not taught much except the French (7) language, how to (8)sew clothing, and music.
     Mary Lyon felt that women's education was （9）extremely important. Through her (10) lifelong² work for education she became one of the most famous women in Nineteenth Century America. She believed that women were teachers both in the home and in the classroom. And, she believed that efforts to better educate young women also served God. If women were better educated³, she felt, they could teach in local schools throughout⁴ the United States and in foreign countries.
     ((MUSIC BRIDGE))
     VOICE TWO:
     Mary Lyon was born in Buckland, （11）Massachusetts, in Seventeen-Ninety-Seven. Her father died when she was five years old. For Mary, hard work was a way of life. But she later remembered with great pleasure her childhood years in the home where she was born.
     This is how she (12)described what she could see from that house on a hill:     "The far-off mountains in all their （13）grandeur, and the deep valleys, and widely extended⁶ plains, and more than all, that little village below, containing only a very few white houses, but more than those young eyes had ever seen."
     VOICE ONE:
     At the age of four, Mary began walking to the nearest school several kilometers away. Later, she began spending three months at a time with friends and relatives so she could (14) attend other area schools. She helped clean and cook to pay for her stay.
     When Mary was thirteen, her mother re-married and moved to another town. Mary was left to care for her older brother who worked on the family farm. He paid her a dollar a week. She saved it to pay for her education. Mary's love of learning⁷ was so strong that she worked and saved her small amount of pay so she could go to school for another few months.
     Mary began her first teaching⁸ job at a one-room local school-teaching children for the summer. She was seventeen years old. She was paid seventy-five cents a week. She also was given meals and a place to live.
     Mary Lyon was not a very successful teacher at first. She did not have much control over her students. She always was ready to laugh with them. Yet she soon won their parents' (15) respect with her skills.
     ((MUSIC BRIDGE))
    VOICE TWO:
     When Mary Lyon was twenty years old, she began a long period of study and teaching. A new （16）private school opened in the village of Ashfield, Massachusetts. It was called Sanderson Academy⁹. Mary really wanted to attend. She sold book （17）coverings she had made. And she used everything she had saved from her pay as a teacher. This was enough for her to begin attending Sanderson Academy.
     At Sanderson, Mary began to study more difficult subjects. These included science, history and Latin¹⁰. A friend who went to school with Mary wrote of her "gaining knowledge by （18）handfuls." It is said that Mary memorized a complete book about the Latin language in three days. Mary later wrote it was at Sanderson that she received the base of her education.
     VOICE ONE:
     After a year at Sanderson Academy, Mary decided¹¹ that her handwriting was not good enough to be read clearly. She was a twenty-one-year-old woman. But she went to the local public school and sat among the children so she could learn better writing skills.
     In Eighteen-Twenty-One, Mary Lyon went to another private school where she was taught by Reverend Joseph Emerson. Mary said he talked to women "as if they had brains." She praised his equal treatment of men and women when it came to educating them.
     VOICE TWO:
    Three years later, Mary Lyon opened a school for young women in the village of Buckland. She called it the Buckland Female¹² Seminary. Classes were held in a room on the third floor of a house.
     Mary's students praised her teaching. She proposed¹³ new ways of teaching, including holding discussion¹⁴ groups where students exchange ideas.
     Mary said it was while teaching at Buckland that she first thought of founding a private school open to daughters of farmers and skilled¹⁵ workers. She wanted education, not profits, to be the most important thing about the school. At that time, schools of higher learning usually were supported by people interested in profits from their investment¹⁶.
     VOICE ONE:
     In Eighteen-Twenty-Eight, Mary became sick with （19）typhoid fever. When her health improved, she decided to leave Buckland, the school she had started. She joined a close friend, Zillah Grant¹⁷, who had begun another private school, Ipswich Female Seminary.
     At Ipswich, Mary taught and （20）was responsible¹⁸ for one-hundred-thirty students. It was one of the best schools at the time. But it lacked （21）financial support. Mary said the lack of support was because of "good men's fear of greatness in women." Zillah Grant and Mary Lyon urged¹⁹ that Ipswich be provided²⁰ buildings so that the school might become （22）permanent²¹. However, their appeal failed.
     ((MUSIC BRIDGE))
     VOICE TWO:
     Mary resigned²² from Ipswich. She helped to organize another private school for women, Wheaton Female Seminary in Norton, Massachusetts. It opened in Eighteen Thirty-Five.
     She also began to raise money for her dream of a permanent, non-profit school for the higher education of women. This school would own its own property²³. It would be guided by an （23）independent group of directors²⁴. Its finances²⁵ would be the (24) responsibility²⁶ of the (25) directors, not of (26) investors²⁷ seeking (27) profit. The school would not depend on any one person to (28) continue. And, the students would share in cleaning and cooking to keep costs down.
     VOICE ONE:
     Mary Lyon got a (29) committee²⁸ of advisers²⁹ to help her in planning and building the school. She collected the first thousand dollars for the school from women in and around the (30) town of Ipswich. At one point, she even lent the committee some of her own money. She did not earn any money until she became head of the new school.
     Mary Lyon opened Mount⁵ Holyoke (31) Seminary for Women in Eighteen-Thirty-Seven. It was in the town of South Hadley, Massachusetts. She had risen more than twelve- thousand dollars. It was enough to build a five-story building.     Four teachers and the first class of eighty young women lived and studied in the building when the school opened. By the next year, the number of students had increased to one- hundred- sixteen. Mary knew the importance of what had been established -- the first (32) independent school for the higher education of women.
     VOICE TWO:
     The school continued to grow. More students began to attend. The size of the building was increased. And, all of the students were (33) required to study for four years instead of three. Mary Lyon was head of the school for almost twelve years. She died in Eighteen-Forty-Nine. She was fifty-two years old. She left behind a school of higher education for women. It had no debt³⁰. And it had (34) support for the future provided by thousands of dollars in gifts.
     In Eighteen-Ninety-Three, under a state law, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary became a college. Mount Holyoke College was the first college to offer women the same kind of education as was offered to men.
     VOICE ONE:
     People who have studied Mary Lyon say she was not fighting a (35) battle of (36) equality³¹ between men and women. Yet she knew she wanted more for women.     Her efforts led to the (37) spread of higher education for women in the United States. (38)Historians say she was the strongest （39）influence on the education of American young people during the middle of the nineteenth (40)century. Her influence lasted as the many students from Mary Lyon's schools went out to teach others.
     (THEME)
     VOICE TWO:
     This Special English program was written by Vivian Bournazian. I'm Shirley Griffith
      VOICE ONE:
     And I'm Steve Ember. Join us again next week at this same time for another People in American program on the Voice of America.

注释：
(1) leader[5li:d[]n.领导；领袖
(2) education[7edjU5keiF[n]n.教育；教导
(3. supporter[s[5pC:t[]n.支持者, 赡养者, 拥护者
(4. advanced[[d5va:nst]adj.在前面的，高等的
(5. require[ri5kwai[]v.需要
(6. private [5praivit]adj.私人的；属于个人的
(7. language [5lONgwidV]n.语言, 术语,
(8. sew [sju:]v.缝合（布、皮、纸）；缝制（衣服等）
(9. extremely[iks5tremili]ad.极端地，非常地
(10. lifelong[5laiflCN]a.终身的；毕生的
(11. Massachusetts[mOs[5tFU:sits]n.马萨诸塞
(12. Describe[dis5skraib]v.描述；描绘
(13. grandeur [5grOndV[]n.庄严，伟大
(14. attend [[5tend]v.注意；留意 出席；到场
(15. respect[ris5pekt]v.尊重，关心,注意
(16. private[5praivit]a.私人的,秘密的
(17. covering[5kQv[riN]n.覆盖物
(18. handful[hOndful]n.少数，一把
(19. typhoid[5taifCid]n.伤寒
(20. was responsible for对…负责任
(21. financial[fai5nOnF[l]a.财政的,金融的
(22. permanent[5p[:m[n[nt]a.永久的,固定的
(23. independent [indi5pend[nt]a.独立的,自主的
(24. responsibility [ris7pCns[5biliti]n.责任；职责
(25. director[di5rekt[]n.指导者；领导者；主持人 董事
(26. investor [In5vest[]n投资者
(27. profit [5prRfit]n利润
(28. continue[k[n5tinjU:]v.继续；使继续；连续；使连续；延
(29. committee[k[5miti]n.委员会
30. town [taun]n.城镇，市镇;市民
31. Seminary [5semin[ri]n.神学院
32. independent [indi5pend[nt]adj.独立的；自立的
33. required [ ri5kwi[d ]adj.必需的
34. support [s[5pR:t]v.支撑；托住
35. battle [5bOtl]n.战役；争斗
36. equality [i5kwCliti]n.同等；平等
37. spread [spred]v.（常与out连用）张开；伸展
38. historian [his5tC:ri[n]n.历史学家
39. influence [5influ[ns]n影响力,权利
40. century [5sentFuri]n.世纪；百年

1 united   

adj.和谐的；团结的；联合的，统一的

参考例句：

• The whole nation is closely united.全国人民紧密团结。
• The two men were united by community of interests.共同的利益使两个人结合在一起。

2 lifelong   

adj.毕生的，终身的

参考例句：

• A childhood journey sparked his lifelong interest in railways.儿童时代的一次旅行引发了他对铁路持续终生的兴趣。
• A moment's error can bring a lifelong regret.一失足成千古恨。

3 educated   

adj.受过教育的，有教养的

参考例句：

• She was well educated in literature at a university.她在大学里受到良好的文学方面的教育。
• Children should be educated in a correct way.教育孩子要得法。

4 throughout   

adv.到处，自始至终；prep.遍及，贯穿

参考例句：

• These magazines are sold at bookstores throughout the country.这些杂志在全国各地书店均有发售。
• Guilin is known throughout the world for its scenery.桂林以山水著称于世。

5 mount   

n.山峰，乘用马，框，衬纸；vi.增长，骑上（马）；vt.提升，爬上，装备

参考例句：

• Their debts continued to mount up.他们的债务不断增加。
• She is the first woman who steps on the top of Mount Jolmo Lungma.她是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的女人。

6 extended   

adj.延伸的；伸展的；延长的；扩大的v.延伸(extend的过去式和过去分词)；伸展；延长

参考例句：

• an extended lunch hour 延长了的午餐时间
• France has greatly extended its influence in world affairs. 在世界事务中，法国的影响已大大地扩大了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 learning   

n.学问，学识，学习；动词learn的现在分词

参考例句：

• When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时，常会从车上掉下来。
• Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。

8 teaching   

n.教学，执教，任教，讲授；(复数)教诲

参考例句：

• We all agree in adopting the new teaching method. 我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。
• He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。

9 academy   

n.(高等)专科院校；学术社团，协会，研究院

参考例句：

• This is an academy of music.这是一所音乐专科学院。
• I visited Chinese Academy of Sciences yesterday.我昨天去访问了中国科学院。

10 Latin   

adj.拉丁的，拉丁语的，拉丁人的；n.拉丁语

参考例句：

• She learned Latin without a master.她无师自通学会了拉丁语。
• Please use only Latin characters.请仅使用拉丁文字符。

11 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

12 female   

adj.雌的，女(性)的；n.雌性的动物，女子

参考例句：

• We only employ female workers.我们只雇用女工。
• The animal in the picture was a female elephant.照片上的动物是头母象。

13 proposed   

被提议的

参考例句：

• There is widespread discontent among the staff at the proposed changes to pay and conditions. 员工对改变工资和工作环境的建议普遍不满。
• an outcry over the proposed change 对拟议的改革所发出的强烈抗议

14 discussion   

n.讨论，谈论；论述

参考例句：

• It is certain he will come to the discussion.他肯定会来参加讨论。
• After months of discussion,a peace agreement is gradually taking shape.经过几个月的商讨，和平协议渐渐有了眉目。

15 skilled   

adj.(in)熟练的，有技能的；需要技能的

参考例句：

• Unskilled workers usually earn less money than skilled workers.无技能的工人通常比有技能的工人挣钱少。
• She was skilled enough in French to translate a novel.她法语娴熟，足以翻译小说。

16 investment   

n.投资，投资额；(时间、精力等的)投入

参考例句：

• It took two years before I recouped my investment.我用了两年时间才收回投资。
• The success of the project pivots on investment from abroad.这个工程的成功主要依靠外来投资。

17 grant   

vt.同意给予，授予，承认；n.拨款；补助款

参考例句：

• If you grant my request, you will earn my thanks.如果你答应我的要求，就会得到我的感谢。
• He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。

18 responsible   

adj.有责任的，应负责的；可靠的，可信赖的；责任重大的；vi.休息，睡；静止，停止

参考例句：

• He must be responsible to me for this matter.这件事他必须对我负责。
• The police are responsible for the preservation of law and order.警察负责维持法律与秩序。

19 urged   

v.力劝( urge的过去式和过去分词 )；强烈要求；推进；驱策

参考例句：

• She urged him to stay. 她力劝他留下。
• Urged on by the PM the police tried to end the strike. 在首相的敦促下，警方力图终止罢工。 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 provided   

conj.假如，若是；adj.预备好的，由...供给的

参考例句：

• Provided it's fine we will have a pleasant holiday.如果天气良好，我们的假日将过得非常愉快。
• I will come provided that it's not raining tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我就来。

21 permanent   

adj.永久的，不变的，固定的

参考例句：

• The coat gives permanent protection against heavy rain.这种防雨衣经久耐用。
• It's difficult to find a permanent cure for this disease.这病很难除根。

22 resigned   

adj. 认命的, 服从的, 听任的

参考例句：

• He resigned as Home Secretary and returned to the back benches. 他辞去了内政大臣的职务，回到后座议员席。
• Reports that he has resigned are nonsense. 有关他已经辞职的报道是无稽之谈。

23 property   

n.财产，所有物，所有权，性质，特性，（小）道具

参考例句：

• He has made over his property to a hospital.他已将财产转交给了一家医院。
• Oil has the property of floating on water.油有浮在水上的特性。

24 directors   

n.主管( director的名词复数 )；董事；负责人；导演

参考例句：

• I have had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors. 我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。
• one of the most exciting directors of the Australian new wave 澳大利亚新浪潮派中最为振奋人心的导演之一

25 finances   

n.(pl.)财源，资产

参考例句：

• I need a professional to sort out my finances. 我需要专业人士为我管理财务。
• The company's finances are looking a bIt'shaky. 这个公司的财政情况看来有点不稳定。

26 responsibility   

n.责任，职责

参考例句：

• The safety of the ship is the captain's responsibility.确保船的安全是船长的责任。
• The matter is outside my area of the responsibility.此事超出我的责任范围。

27 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

28 committee   

n.委员会，全体委员

参考例句：

• We referred the matter back to the Finance Committee.我们把这事转回给财政委员会处理。
• I am going to speak out against the committee's decision.我打算直言反对委员会的决定。

29 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

30 debt   

n.债务，义务，负债状态，罪，过失

参考例句：

• The man was pressed to pay off his debt.那人被逼还债。
• The firm had to charge off the debt as hopeless.公司只得把那笔没希望要回的债务注销。

31 equality   

n.等同性，同等，平等，相等，等式

参考例句：

• They are fighting for the equality of women.她们在为争取男女平等而奋斗。
• Women must battle on until they have gained equality.妇女必须坚奋战到底，直至取得平等权利。