Ancestor of Humans

57 这种动物是人类的祖先吗？

DATE=6-13-01
TITLE=SCIENCE REPORT - Ancestor of Humans
BYLINE=Jill Moss¹

 (Start at 59")This is Steve Ember with the VOA Special English Science Report.
Scientists have discovered an extremely small animal they believe could have been the (1) ancestor of all (2) mammals, including humans.  The animal lived one-hundred-ninety-five million years ago.  It weighed only about two grams.  Yet researchers say it had important qualities that link it to mammals.  Mammals are warm-blooded animals that feed their young milk from their bodies. 
A team of American and Chinese researchers discovered (3) ancient remains² of the animal's head bone in southwestern China.  Zhe-Xi Luo of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History led the researchers.  Their findings were published last month in Science magazine. 
The scientists say the animal was one of the smallest mammals that ever lived.  But they say the animal's brain was large compared to other mammals.  Mister Luo said the ancient animal had to be very smart because it was able to survive in a world controlled by huge (4) dinosaurs³. 
The researchers named the tiny animal Hadrocodium wui, which means "large and full head" in the Greek language.  Scientists say Hadrocodium was only a little bigger than the smallest mammal now in existence - the (5) bumblebee (6) bat of Thailand.
Mister Luo says Hadrocodium probably ate insects.  And it probably had to eat all the time because of its small size.  Researchers also believe the ancient animal had to hide during the day when dinosaurs were hunting.  This meant Hadrocodium was able to keep a (7) continuous body temperature in the cold night air. 
The researchers compared Hadrocodium's skull⁴ to other ancient and modern-day mammals.  They say Hadrocodium could be the closest known ancestor of living mammals.  
The researchers discovered that the ancient animal had middle ear bones that separated from the lower (8) jawbone. This is an important quality that separates mammals from the cold-blooded animals called (9) reptiles⁶.  The researchers also discovered that Hadrocodium had a large head bone. This suggests that its (10)expanding brain may have pushed the middle ear bones away from the jaw⁵. Mister Luo say the ancient remains of Hadrocodium prove that some qualities of mammals developed about forty-five-million years earlier than they had believed.
This VOA Special English Science Report was written by Jill Moss. This is Steve Ember.

(1) ancestor [ `AnsistE] n.祖先, 祖宗
(2) mammal [ `mAm[l] n.哺乳动物
(3) ancient [`einFEnt] adj.远古的, 旧的
(4) bumblebee [ `bQmbl9bi:] n.[动]大黄蜂
(5) bat [bAt] n.蝙蝠
(6) dinosaur [`dain[sR:] n.恐龙
(7) continuous [kEn`tinjU[s] adj.连续的, 持续的
(8) jawbone [dVR:`bEUn] n.颚骨, 下颚骨
(9) reptile [ `reptail] n.爬虫动物, 卑鄙的人 adj.爬行的, 爬虫类的, 卑鄙的
(10) expand [ iks5pAnd ]vt.使膨胀

 

1 moss   

n.苔，藓，地衣

参考例句：

• Moss grows on a rock.苔藓生在石头上。
• He was found asleep on a pillow of leaves and moss.有人看见他枕着树叶和苔藓睡着了。

2 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

3 dinosaurs   

n.恐龙( dinosaur的名词复数 )；守旧落伍的人，过时落后的东西

参考例句：

• The brontosaurus was one of the largest of all dinosaurs. 雷龙是所有恐龙中最大的一种。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. 恐龙绝种已有几百万年了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 skull   

n.头骨；颅骨

参考例句：

• The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
• He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去，跌裂了颅骨。

5 jaw   

n.颚，颌，说教，流言蜚语；v.喋喋不休，教训

参考例句：

• He delivered a right hook to his opponent's jaw.他给了对方下巴一记右钩拳。
• A strong square jaw is a sign of firm character.强健的方下巴是刚毅性格的标志。

6 reptiles   

n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Snakes and crocodiles are both reptiles. 蛇和鳄鱼都是爬行动物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Birds, reptiles and insects come from eggs. 鸟类、爬虫及昆虫是卵生的。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》