233 第三方监控力量对中东意味着什么？

233 第三方监控力量对中东意味着什么？

Monitors for the Middle East - What to Expect?
Ed Warner
Washington
25 Jul 2001 19:40 UTC

Pressure is mounting to put international observers between Israelis and Palestinians, to try to end the violence and 1)restore peace. Would this work? The results of such 2)intervention in the past are mixed, but one analyst¹ offers a new suggestion.
Outside observers in 3)conflicts only work as well as the warring parties permit. That is the consensus² about the effectiveness of monitors who try to bring peace or at least reduce the violence.
The introduction of observers has a mixed record in Israeli-Arab disputes, says Clyde Mark, a specialist in Middle East Affairs at the Congressional Research Service in Washington. Where both sides want it to work, it works. "It is a matter of investment," he said. "If a country has an investment in peace, then they are going to make these peace observers work. Best example: Egypt and Israel in the Sinai 4)boundary, where you have a multinational⁴ force of observers. It is working. Both sides want it to work."
Mr. Mark says observers have succeeded in keeping the peace between Israelis and Syrians on the Golan Heights. But U.N. monitors have been unable to prevent clashes between Israelis and Hezbollah in southern Lebanon. "It may be a case where the Israelis did not trust them, feared that they were not giving a full story," he said. "Palestinians and Lebanese thought they were probably 5)favoring the Israelis too much. So they were less successful. I think it's a matter of commitment on the part of the parties."
Least successful of all is the group of international observers in Hebron, where a few hundred Israeli settlers live in a 6)fortified compound, 7)amid 120 thousand Palestinians. Ever since an American-born 8)zealot gunned down 29 Palestinians at prayer in their 9)mosque in 1994, the town has been a 10)powder keg.
Some 80 observers, mostly from Europe, 11)patrol the tense streets, earning the derision of Israelis. One boy 12)scoffed to The Washington Post: "They are a 13)bunch of tourists from Denmark."
Palestinians say that without arms, the observers cannot control the armed settlers. A Palestinian businessman says that when the settlers beat him, the observers count the blows. They don't stop the beating.
Should observers be armed to 14)strengthen their presence? According to Clyde Mark, that is under consideration. "If you arm them, you are inviting⁵ them to take part in the whole process, which means getting engaged in the conflict itself and that means you put them in harm's way," he said. "They also have the responsibility then of firing back, if they think a 15)violation is in progress. It puts them in the middle of a battle. They then become no longer observers, but 16)participants."
David Mack, vice³ president of the Middle East Institute and a former top U.S. 17)diplomat, thinks one organization might serve as an effective go-between in the Middle East conflict: 18)namely, the CIA. Thrust into the 19)region against its better judgment⁶ by the Clinton administration, the CIA managed to gain the confidence of both sides before it was 20)withdrawn by the Bush administration.
Now there is a proposal to give it an even larger role, considering the extent of the 21)breakdown. "If both sides feel that conditions have 22)deteriorated to the extent that they would be willing to accept reasonably objective monitors, who can report back at least to the U.S. Government and an hopefully 23)facilitate better communication between the two sides, I think this might come to pass," said Mr. Mack.
Ambassador Mack says this would work best if the violence subsides⁷ first. However, he believes it is no 24)substitute for direct communication between the two sides. "There was a relationship of that sort that seemed to be functioning for a period of time, and that was certainly what I think people should aspire⁸ toward," he said. "It is just very hard to get that started without some outside help."
Ambassador Mack says the CIA makes good sense as an observer. He adds, now the two sides, which agree on very little else, must agree to that.

(1) restore[rI5stC:(r)]vt.恢复, 使回复, 归还, 重建
(2) intervention[IntE5venF(E)n]n.干涉
(3) conflict[5kRnflIkt]n.斗争, 冲突vi.抵触, 冲突
(4) boundary[5baJndErI]n.边界, 分界线
(5) favor[5feIvE(r)] vt.支持, 赞成, 照顾, 促成
(6) fortified adj.加强的
(7) amid[E5mId]prep.在...中
(8) zealot[5zelEt]n.狂热者
(9) mosque[mRsk]n.清真寺
(10) powder keg n. 火药桶；火药箱
(11) patrol[pE5trEJl]v.出巡, 巡逻n.巡逻
(12) scoff[skRf; (?@) skC:f]n.嘲笑, 愚弄, 笑柄v.轻蔑地说, 嘲弄, 贪吃, 狼吞虎咽
(13) bunch[bQntF]n.串, 束v.捆成一束
(14) strengthen[5streNW(E)n]v.加强, 巩固
(15) violation[ 9vaIE`leIFEn ]n.违反, 违背, 妨碍, 侵害
(16) participant[pB:5tIsIpEnt]n.参与者, 共享者adj.参与的
(17) diplomat[5dIplEmAt]n.外交官, 有外交手腕的人, 有权谋的人
(18) namely[5neImlI]adv.即, 也就是
(19) region[5ri:dVEn]n.区域, 地方, (世界上某个特定的)地区
(20) withdraw[wIT5drC:]vt.收回, 撤消vi.缩回, 退出v.撤退
(21) breakdown[5breIkdaJn]n.崩溃, 衰弱
(22) deteriorate[dI5tIErIEreIt]v.(使)恶化
(23) facilitate[fE5sIlIteIt]vt.推动, 帮助, 使容易, 促进
(24) substitute[5sQbstItju:t; (?@) -tu:t]n.代替者, 替代品v.替换, 替代

 

1 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

2 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？

3 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

4 multinational   

adj.多国的，多种国籍的；n.多国籍公司，跨国公司

参考例句：

• The firm was taken over by a multinational consulting firm.这家公司被一个跨国咨询公司收购。
• He analyzed the relationship between multinational corporations and under-developed countries.他分析了跨国公司和不发达国家之间的关系。

5 inviting   

adj.诱人的，引人注目的

参考例句：

• An inviting smell of coffee wafted into the room.一股诱人的咖啡香味飘进了房间。
• The kitchen smelled warm and inviting and blessedly familiar.这间厨房的味道温暖诱人，使人感到亲切温馨。

6 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

7 subsides   

v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的第三人称单数 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上

参考例句：

• Emotion swells and subsides. 情绪忽高忽低。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• His emotion swells and subsides. 他的情绪忽高忽低。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

8 aspire   

vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于

参考例句：

• Living together with you is what I aspire toward in my life.和你一起生活是我一生最大的愿望。
• I aspire to be an innovator not a follower.我迫切希望能变成个开创者而不是跟随者。