VOA常速英语2013--最新关于艾滋病毒的预防治疗研究

 

New Studies on HIV Treatment as Prevention 最新关于艾滋病毒的预防治疗研究

Recent studies have shown that antiretroviral drugs can be used not only to treat HIV, but also to prevent infection in the first place. It’s called pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP for short. Now, the western U.S. state of California is launching new studies to determine PrEP’s effectiveness beyond clinical trials and out in the real world.

最新研究显示 抗利转录病毒药物不仅能够用于治疗艾滋病毒，同时它也可以预防最前期被感染的地方。它称为暴露前预防或者简称为预备的。现在，美国西部的加利福利亚州已经发布最新正在测定最新研究暴露前预在全球范围临床试验之前的效力。

Treatment as prevention has been shown to be highly successful in clinical trials. But will it work for people in high risk groups as they go about their daily lives? Will they adhere to the drug regimen even if it’s taking only one pill a day?

预防治疗在临床医疗上已经取得显著成效，但是在高危人群的日常生活中它是否同样有效呢？她们是否会把这作为保健药每天坚持服用一粒呢？

These are some of the questions the California HIV/AIDS Research Program hopes to answer with three new studies. Mitchell Warren, head of the AIDS advocacy group AVAC, said these are “demonstration¹ studies.”

加利福利亚艾滋病毒的研究计划有一些问题希望最新的研究能够很好的解答，米切尔，沃顿艾滋病用户群体的领导者，并称之为这是“示范性研究”。

“These are not randomized controlled trials where we’re telling people you may get placebo², you may get the active drug. And even if you get the active drug we don’t know if it works. These are studies that are going to work with people in communities in California. People who are at risk. [They] are going to be explained that we think this product works based on these clinical trials, but only if you use [it]. And provide it to a small number of people to really better understand the safety and effectiveness in areas outside of clinical trials,” he said.

“它们不仅是随机的对照性试验同样的我们会告诉患者她们可以得到安慰剂，你可以得到活性药物。即使你得到活性药物我们也不清楚它是否有效，她们准备在加利福利亚的社区人流里研究这些药是否有效。那些艾滋病毒携带者，我们会像这些人解释这些产品已经经过临床实验，只要你使用它。他说，并且向他们证明一小部分人已经很好的理解他的安全性和功效在临床试验之外。”

MSM & transgenders

同性恋 变性人

The studies focus on groups where HIV infections are rising rapidly.

这项研究集中于艾滋病感染急剧上升的群体。

Warren said, “All of these activities in California are focused on men who have sex with men and transgender women. And that is entirely³ understandable and appropriate given the epidemic⁴ in the United States. That is the leading area of need. At the same time we really hope as advocates that these demonstration projects in California are the first of many and that many more will look at other populations.”

沃顿说：在加利福利亚的所有研究都集中于男同性恋和女变性人，在美国能理解这类群体群体，而他们也正是易被感染的人群。完全能够理解的，这里正是最急需的地方 。与此同时我们真心希望在加利福利亚倡导：“那些示范活动“的能够在第一时间更加专注这样的人。

Those taking part in the study are being asked to follow what would appear to be a very simple drug regimen.

那些参加此项研究的被问是否好像要求遵循一场简单的药物治疗方案。

“It is a daily dose and it is a combined drug. It’s a single pill, but with both active tenofovir and emtricitabine. And it is the same dose that is provided to people who are infected with HIV, who use the same pill for treatment. So the recommendation that was studied in the trial was the same single pill every day,” he said.

它是一种日常的结合型药量，是一个种单一的药丸，但是它包含主动替若福韦和恩曲“这两种药物成分。同样的剂量可以提供给那些被感染的艾滋病人群和治疗的人群。所记最临床研究推荐每天吃一片药是很有用的，沃顿说。

Daily dose

每日剂量

However, Warren said pre-exposure prophylaxis is only effective if people take the pill. So the studies will also examine why people may skip doses, even if they only have to swallow one pill a day.

然而，沃顿说只要他们按时服药暴露前的预防是有效的，所以研究同样要检查为什么有些人会没有按时服药，即使每天只需服用一粒。

“People who took this pill consistently had high levels, an excess of 70 percent reduction of risk. People who didn’t take the pill consistently didn’t get any benefit at all. There was no added protection,” he said.

“一直正常坚持服药的人有比较高的保护性，百分之七十的过量服用能够减少危险，那些不能连贯性坚持服药的人从中毫无受益，他们没有额外的保护。”沃顿说。

When antitrovirals first came on the scene in the early and mid-1990s, people had to take dozens of pills a day. They had to take them at very specific times, sometimes with food, sometimes without. They often had very bad side effects, including nausea⁵. There were even conditions called “buffalo hump” and “Crix belly,” where body fat would build up behind the neck or on the abdomen⁶. So, while lives were being saved, treatment could make people feel pretty sick.

二十世纪九十年代当抗力传病毒药物第一次出现时，人们每天需要服用几十粒药丸，她们需要在特定的时间服药，一些食物可以吃，一些不可以吃。这些药物有些副作用包括恶心。甚至在一定条件下被称为“水牛背”和 “克罗伊肚子”，身体省的脂肪囤积在背或者腹部。所以，有些生命被解救了，虽然治疗让他们感觉很恶心。

Warren said it’s much different today.

沃顿说今天的一切将大不一样

“We also have to remember the incredible scientific advances – from the 80s when getting HIV inevitably⁷ meant a very short life and a very painful disease in death – to a period of early antiretroviral therapy where we had drugs that were very difficult to take and very toxic⁸, but they could save your life if you could withstand that – to a point now where people can take one or two pills a day. Much safer, much less toxic. We’re in a very different place,” he said.

我们必须要记住那些令人难以置信的科学进步，从二十世纪八十年代人们认为艾滋病意味着短暂的生命和痛苦的治疗死亡，到新一阶段的抗力传病毒药物的治疗和一些很难服用但无副作用药物的出现，但是它可以挽救你的生命如果你积极的抵抗。到现在最新的只需每天服用一粒或者两粒药丸。更安全，副作用更少，我们已经进入了不同的阶段。”沃顿说。

In May, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration will review the PrEP research. It could lead to greater access to prevention as treatment and provide accurate information to healthcare providers, insurance companies and potential users.

今年五月，美国食品和药物管理局将同时审核此项研究，它将能够更好的进入预防治疗体系并且能够为医疗服务者、保险公司和潜在用户提供更准确的信息。

1 demonstration   

n.表明，示范，论证，示威

参考例句：

• His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
• He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。

2 placebo   

n.安慰剂；宽慰话

参考例句：

• The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases.人们已发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。
• The placebo effect refers to all the observable behaviors caused by placebo.安慰剂效应是指由安慰剂所引起的可观察的行为。

3 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

4 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

5 nausea   

n.作呕，恶心；极端的憎恶(或厌恶)

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕期常有恶心的现象。
• He experienced nausea after eating octopus.吃了章鱼后他感到恶心。

6 abdomen   

n.腹，下腹(胸部到腿部的部分)

参考例句：

• How to know to there is ascarid inside abdomen?怎样知道肚子里面有蛔虫？
• He was anxious about an off-and-on pain the abdomen.他因时隐时现的腹痛而焦虑。

7 inevitably   

adv.不可避免地；必然发生地

参考例句：

• In the way you go on,you are inevitably coming apart.照你们这样下去，毫无疑问是会散伙的。
• Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.技术变革必然会导致失业。

8 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。