VOA标准英语2014--国际旅行禁令后巴基斯坦开始遏制脊髓灰质炎病毒蔓延

 

Pakistan Moves to Contain Polio Virus after Travel Sanctions 国际旅行禁令后巴基斯坦开始遏制脊髓灰质炎病毒蔓延

RAWALPINDI, PAKISTAN — Pakistan is moving quickly to try to contain the polio virus after the World Health Organization imposed international travel restrictions¹ on anyone coming from the polio endemic country. Health workers in Rawalpindi are working with parents to vaccinate² their children.

Pakistan has ordered mandatory³ polio vaccinations⁵ for anyone leaving the country’s tribal⁶ northwest where the virus is concentrated.

The World Health Organization has imposed international travel restrictions on anyone leaving Pakistan without proof of vaccination⁴ as of June 1.

Nosherwan Khan, who owns a bus depot⁷ and belongs to the Pakistan Polio Plus committee, calls the WHO decision a wake-up call.

“They have to do something, Pakistani government has to do something," said Khan. "This travel ban has come as a kind of shock to all Pakistanis, and it opened their eyes up, actually, very much."

The country has the highest number of new polio cases in the world, and Pakistanis such as Sohail Qoreshi, like most people, understand the vaccine's importance.

“Polio is an epidemic⁸ in Pakistan and spreading rapidly," said Qoreshi. "Our health workers have worked hard, they’ve gone house to house with the polio drops. Now they are providing the drops at bus stops."

Much of the country has been inoculated⁹, leaving the virus concentrated in Pakistan’s volatile¹⁰ tribal regions, where Taliban militants¹¹ banned vaccination efforts in 2012, leaving many beyond the reach of health workers.

World Health Organization's Nima Saeed Abid says infections will persist until vaccinations resume.

“There should be a means by all parties in conflict, or all parties who have influence in this area, to sit actually and allow vaccination of these children," said Abid. "So many children have been crippled ... due to a completely avoidable disease. I mean, health is impartial¹² and all stakeholders should understand that."

There is evidence that polio from Pakistan has reached as far as Egypt and Israel. Now everyone here, including adults, must be vaccinated¹³ as the global effort to wipe out the disease focuses on the last few places where polio is still spreading.

1 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

2 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

3 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

4 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

5 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。

7 depot   

n.仓库，储藏处；公共汽车站；火车站

参考例句：

• The depot is only a few blocks from here.公共汽车站离这儿只有几个街区。
• They leased the building as a depot.他们租用这栋大楼作仓库。

8 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

9 inoculated   

v.给…做预防注射( inoculate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• A pedigree pup should have been inoculated against serious diseases before it's sold. 纯种狗应该在出售前注射预防严重疾病的针。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Disease can be spread by dirty tools, insects, inoculated soil. 疾病也能由不干净的工具，昆虫，接种的土壤传播。 来自辞典例句

10 volatile   

adj.反复无常的，挥发性的，稍纵即逝的，脾气火爆的；n.挥发性物质

参考例句：

• With the markets being so volatile,investments are at great risk.由于市场那么变化不定，投资冒着很大的风险。
• His character was weak and volatile.他这个人意志薄弱，喜怒无常。

11 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

12 impartial   

adj.(in,to)公正的，无偏见的

参考例句：

• He gave an impartial view of the state of affairs in Ireland.他对爱尔兰的事态发表了公正的看法。
• Careers officers offer impartial advice to all pupils.就业指导员向所有学生提供公正无私的建议。

13 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？