地中海人口走私贩依靠躲避战祸移民发迹

地中海人口走私贩依靠躲避战祸移民发迹

In recent years, tens of thousands of migrants have either drowned, or died from starvation or dehydration¹.

近年来，成千上万的移民难逃被淹死，饿死或渴死的命运。

But the boat journey is just one stage of a vast network of people trafficking that starts in the country of origin.

但乘船旅行只是庞大人口走私网络从出发国家经历的其中一个阶段。

Andrea Di Nicola, criminology professor at the University of Trento in Italy, traveled across Africa and the Middle East interviewing those involved in the smuggling² network.VOA spoke³ to him at Milan station, a major hub for migrants

意大利特伦托大学犯罪学教授安德里亚·迪·尼柯拉曾前往非洲和中东地区采访一些涉及网络走私的人。美国之音记者在米兰火车站采访到他。对移民者而言这里是极为重要的枢纽。

“It's like a ruthless travel agency. They work in networks, and they can ally among themselves.And even if we close the route from Libya, they will probably work from Tunisia or Algeria or again from Turkey. They are flexible and they change."

“走私网络就像是一个冷酷无情的旅行社。他们依靠网络运作而且彼此合作。即使我们关闭了利比亚的走私通道，他们可能会从突尼斯、阿尔及利亚或土耳其继续运作。这些人狡猾多变。”

Europe has called for targeted action against the people smugglers. Riccardo Fabiani of the Eurasia Group says that would be difficult, but not impossible.

欧洲已经呼吁开展打击人口走私贩的行动。欧亚集团分析人士里卡多·法比压尼表示这会很困难，但不是不可能。

“The use of drones for example to target people involved in the smuggling business, let's say. And on the other hand, Italy and other European countries have intelligence networks in Libya that they can rely on for this kind of information."

“比如使用无人机来对付人口走私贩。另一方面意大利和其他欧洲国家可以依赖在利比亚的情报网。”

The smugglers are a part of international crime syndicates earning huge sums, notes Di Nicola.

但迪·尼柯拉表示人口走私贩是国际犯罪集团的组成部分，而且他们依靠这种行为发家。

“The United Nations estimates up to 10 billion. One Pakistani guy in Italy was smuggling 700 migrants and asked each guy for 7,000 euros."

“联合国估计这些人收入高达100亿美元。在意大利的一名巴基斯坦人走私700个移民，他每人要价7000欧元。”

Nearby, Mohammed scans the arrivals board in Milan station. He's looking for his uncle, who fled the civil war in Syria and has come to Europe across the Mediterranean⁴ on a trafficker's boat. Mohammed is struggling to track him down.

而默罕默德正在米兰火车站附近翻看着列车时刻表。他在等自己的叔叔。他的叔叔为了躲避叙利亚内战搭乘人口走私船到了欧洲。默罕默德正在竭尽全力寻找他。

“He was living close to the Yarmouk refugee camp.The situation there is well known-it's very difficult and dangerous. We got the news from Libya that he had departed and the boat had arrived in Europe.”

“他先前住的地方离亚穆克难民营很近。大家都熟悉那里的情况，生活非常艰难而且充满危险。我们从利比亚了解到的消息称他已经乘船抵达欧洲。”

Despite the links to criminal gangs, it's clear the smugglers are providing a way out for Syrians and others fleeing conflict.That's why Europe must reform its migration⁵ policy, says Di Nicola.

尽管人口走私贩跟犯罪团伙有关联，但很明显他们为叙利亚和其他逃避战事的人提供一条生路。尼柯拉表示欧洲国家必须改革他们的移民政策。

“If you're going to tighten⁶ Fortress⁷ Europe, then probably they will increase prices; this is what these criminals told us. So in order to disorganize them, you need criminal law, you need investigation⁸, but you also need prevention, reduction of opportunities and of course better policies for assisting victims."

“如果关紧欧洲大门，人口走私贩可能就会加价。这是犯罪分子们亲口跟我们说的。因此，为了瓦解他们的活动就需要刑事法介入，进行调查，但也需要预防，减少他们犯罪的机会。当然，也需要有更好的政策帮助受害者。”

Europe is determined⁹ to tackle the traffickers, but, as the death toll¹⁰ in the Mediterranean rises, there is a growing debate over whether the continent should open safer channels for legitimate¹¹ refugees fleeing war.

欧洲国家决心应对人口走私贩。但随着地中海上移民的死亡人数增加，是否应开辟更为安全的通道让合法的难民躲避战祸引发了欧洲越来越多人的讨论。

1 dehydration   

n.脱水，干燥

参考例句：

• He died from severe dehydration.他死于严重脱水。
• The eyes are often retracted from dehydration.眼睛常因脱水而凹陷。

2 smuggling   

n.走私

参考例句：

• Some claimed that the docker's union fronted for the smuggling ring.某些人声称码头工人工会是走私集团的掩护所。
• The evidence pointed to the existence of an international smuggling network.证据表明很可能有一个国际走私网络存在。

3 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

4 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

5 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

6 tighten   

v.(使)变紧；(使)绷紧

参考例句：

• Turn the screw to the right to tighten it.向右转动螺钉把它拧紧。
• Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation.一些国家实行紧缩银根的货币政策，以避免通货膨胀。

7 fortress   

n.堡垒，防御工事

参考例句：

• They made an attempt on a fortress.他们试图夺取这一要塞。
• The soldier scaled the wall of the fortress by turret.士兵通过塔车攀登上了要塞的城墙。

8 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

9 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

10 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

11 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。