美国家禽大企业禁止员工上厕所 被迫穿纸尿裤

 Workers in plants run by the largest U.S. poultry¹ producers are regularly being denied bathroom breaks and as a result some are reduced to wearing diapers while working on the processing line, Oxfam America said in a report last Wednesday.

"美国乐施会"上周三发表的一份报告指出，美国最大的几家家禽企业不约而同禁止工人在上班时间上厕所，以至于工人们在生产线工作时，不得不穿着纸尿裤。

"It's not just their dignity that suffers: they are in danger of serious health problems," said Oxfam America, the U.S. arm of the U.K.-based global development group. The group works for a "just world without poverty" and focuses on topics ranging from refugees in Greece to malnutrition².

这家英国国际发展组织的美国分部表示，"这不仅是关乎尊严的问题：他们还面临严重的健康威胁。"该组织的工作宗旨是"反贫困、追求公正"，从希腊难民到营养不良都是他们聚焦的话题。

The report cited unnamed workers from Tyson Foods Inc., Pilgrim's Pride Corp., Perdue Farms Inc. and Sanderson Farms Inc. who said that supervisors³ mock them, ignore requests and threaten punishment or firing. When they can go, they wait in long lines even though they are given limited time, sometimes 10 minutes, according to the report.

该报告引述了来自美国泰森食品、皮尔格里姆公司、普渡农场和桑德森农场公司的不愿透露姓名的员工的话称，负责监督的主管经常嘲笑他们，无视他们的正常需求，并且经常扬言说要处罚、甚至开除他们。他们好不容易拥有一个上厕所的机会，但通常也只有10分钟，而且还得排长队。

Some workers have urinated or defecated themselves while working because they can't hold on any longer, the report said. Some workers "restrict intake⁴ of liquids and fluids to dangerous degrees," Oxfam said.

"美国乐施会"指出，很多工人在漫长的等待中往往忍不住就直接在裤子里大小便了。有些工人为了尽量避免在上班时间跑厕所，干脆不喝水或其他任何液体。

In a 2015 report, Oxfam said the cost of cheap chicken in the U.S. is workers who face low wages, suffer elevated rates of injury and illness and face a climate of fear in the workplace. The industry was also highlighted in the 2008 documentary Food Inc.

据了解，早在2015年的一份报告中，"美国乐施会"即提出过警告：美国的便宜鸡肉是建立在对工人的极度剥削的基础上的。他们忍受着极低的工资以及不断增加的伤病风险、对工作场所那种氛围的极度恐惧。

The conditions present difficulties, especially for menstruating or pregnant women, according to the latest report. Workers could also face medical problems, including urinary tract⁵ infections, and managers have told some workers to eat and drink less to avoid going to the bathroom, according to the report.

据这份报告称，这种情况尤其是为经期和孕期女工带来了很大困难。工人们还可能面临尿路感染等医疗问题。而管理者则要求工人减少饮食量，避免总是上厕所。

1 poultry   

n.家禽，禽肉

参考例句：

• There is not much poultry in the shops. 商店里禽肉不太多。
• What do you feed the poultry on? 你们用什么饲料喂养家禽?

2 malnutrition   

n.营养不良

参考例句：

• In Africa, there are a lot of children suffering from severe malnutrition.在非洲有大批严重营养不良的孩子。
• It is a classic case of malnutrition. 这是营养不良的典型病例。

3 supervisors   

n.监督者，管理者( supervisor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• I think the best technical people make the best supervisors. 我认为最好的技术人员可以成为最好的管理人员。 来自辞典例句
• Even the foremen or first-level supervisors have a staffing responsibility. 甚至领班或第一线的监督人员也有任用的责任。 来自辞典例句

4 intake   

n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口

参考例句：

• Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
• There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。

5 tract   

n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林)

参考例句：

• He owns a large tract of forest.他拥有一大片森林。
• He wrote a tract on this subject.他曾对此写了一篇短文。