环保太给力 瑞典已实现零垃圾

 　　Sweden is so good at recycling that, for several years, it has imported rubbish from other countries to keep its recycling plants going.

　　这些年瑞典的环保工作做得太出色了，如今甚至要从其他国家进口垃圾，才能让本国的回收工厂继续运营下去。

　　Less than 1 percent of Swedish household waste was sent to landfill last year or any year since 2011.

　　去年，瑞典送入垃圾场的生活垃圾不足总量的1%，这种情况一直从2011年持续到现在。

　　We can only dream of such an effective system in the UK,

　　如此高效的系统在英国是不可想象的。

　　which is why we end up paying expensive transport costs to send rubbish to be recycled overseas rather than paying fines to send it to landfill under The Landfill Tax of 1996.

　　这就是为什么英国人要花费高昂的运输费，把垃圾送到海外的回收站，因为如果运到本国的垃圾填埋地的话，依照1996年垃圾填埋税就要支付罚款。

　　Why are we sending waste to Sweden? Their system is so far ahead because of a culture of looking after the environment.

　　为什么要把垃圾送到瑞典？因为瑞典人有保护环境的文化传统，所以他们的系统很先进。

　　Sweden was one of the first countries to implement¹ a heavy tax on fossil fuels in 1991

　　瑞典是1991年第一批开始对化石燃料征收重税的国家之一。

　　and now sources almost half its electricity from renewables.

　　如今该国近一半的电力供应来自可再生能源。

　　Swedish people are quite keen on being out in nature and they are aware of what we need do on nature and environmental issues.

　　瑞典垃圾管理回收协会Avfall Sverige的交流主任安娜.凯琳.格里普沃表示，瑞典人很喜欢拥抱大自然，也知道采取哪些措施来应对环境问题。

　　We worked on communications for a long time to make people aware not to throw things outdoors so that we can recycle and reuse, says Anna-Carin Gripwall, director of communications for Avfall Sverige, the Swedish Waste Management’s recycling association.

　　长期以来，我们都努力和人们进行沟通，好让他们不在户外乱扔垃圾，这样有利于我们对垃圾的回收和再利用。

　　Over time, Sweden has implemented² a cohesive³ national recycling policy so that even though private companies undertake most of the business of importing and burning waste, the energy goes into a national heating network to heat homes through the freezing Swedish winter.

　　在过去的时间里，瑞典推行了一项连贯的全国性回收政策，这样一来，尽管私企承担了大部分垃圾进口和焚烧业务，产生的能源还是能用于国家供暖系统，在瑞典寒冷的冬天里温暖千家万户。

　　That’s a key reason that we have this district network, so we can make use of the heating from the waste plants.

　　格里普沃女士表示：这是我们建立这一区域系统的主要原因，这样我们才能利用垃圾焚烧产生的热量。

　　In the southern part of Europe they don’t make use of the heating from the waste, it just goes out the chimney.

　　欧洲南部的国家不会利用垃圾焚烧来提供热量，而是任凭热量从烟囱冒出去，

　　Here we use it as a substitute for fossil fuel, Ms Gripwall says.

　　我们则用它来替代化石燃料。

　　Sweden’s heating network is not without its detractors.

　　也有人对瑞典供暖系统提出质疑。

　　They argue that the country is dodging⁴ real recycling by sending waste to be incinerated.

　　他们认为瑞典焚烧垃圾并不是真正的垃圾回收利用。

　　Paper plant managers say that wood fibre can be used up to six times before it becomes dust.

　　造纸商表示，在烧毁前，木材纤维还可以循环利用六次。

　　If Sweden burns paper before that point it is exhausting the potential for true recycling and replacing used paper with fresh raw material.

　　真正的回收是把用过的纸转变为新的原料，如果瑞典在还未充分循环利用前就烧毁纸张，它正在耗尽真正的回收的潜力。

　　Ms Gripwall says the aim in Sweden is still to stop people sending waste to recycling in the first place.

　　格里普沃表示，瑞典的目标仍然是阻止人们第一时间就把垃圾送去回收站。

　　A national campaign called the Miljo?na?r-va?nlig movement has for several years promoted the notion that there is much to be gained through repairing, sharing and reusing.

　　瑞典有一项持续了好几年的全国性宣传运动Miljo?na?r-va?nlig，该运动宣扬修补、分享和重复利用可以让人们获益多多。

　　She describes Sweden’s policy of importing waste to recycle from other countries as a temporary situation.

　　她表示瑞典从其他国家进口垃圾来回收只是暂时的。

　　There’s a ban on landfill in EU countries, so instead of paying the fine they send it to us as a service.

　　格里普沃说：欧盟禁止成员国填埋垃圾，所以这些国家为了不支付罚款就把垃圾作为一项服务送到我们国家来。

　　They should and will build their own plants, to reduce their own waste, as we are working hard to do in Sweden, Ms Gripwall says.

　　他们应该也将会建造自己的回收工厂，减少本国垃圾，就像我们在瑞典努力推行的一样。

　　Hopefully there will be less waste and the waste that has to go to incineration should be incinerated in each country.

　　她补充道：希望以后的垃圾会减少，需要焚烧的垃圾能在各国国内焚毁。

　　But to use recycling for heating you have to have district heating or cooling systems, so you have to build the infrastructure⁵ for that, and that takes time, she adds.

　　不过如果想回收垃圾用来供热的话，需要区域供热和冷却系统，所以必须修建相应的基础设施，而修建时间会比较长。

　　Swedish municipalities are individually investing in futuristic waste collection techniques, like automated⁶ vacuum systems in residential⁷ blocks, removing the need for collection transport, and underground container systems that free up road space and get rid of any smells.

　　瑞典自治区都在各自发展未来主义的垃圾收集技术，比如居民区的自动真空系统免去了垃圾收运，还有地下装载系统，可以避免占用街道和各种气味。

1 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

2 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

3 cohesive   

adj.有粘着力的；有结合力的；凝聚性的

参考例句：

• She sealed the parcel with cohesive tape.她用粘胶带把包裹封起来。
• The author skillfully fuses these fragments into a cohesive whole.作者将这些片断巧妙地结合成一个连贯的整体。

4 dodging   

n.避开，闪过，音调改变v.闪躲( dodge的现在分词 )；回避

参考例句：

• He ran across the road, dodging the traffic. 他躲开来往的车辆跑过马路。
• I crossed the highway, dodging the traffic. 我避开车流穿过了公路。 来自辞典例句

5 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

6 automated   

a.自动化的

参考例句：

• The entire manufacturing process has been automated. 整个生产过程已自动化。
• Automated Highway System (AHS) is recently regarded as one subsystem of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). 近年来自动公路系统(Automated Highway System,AHS)，作为智能运输系统的子系统之一越来越受到重视。

7 residential   

adj.提供住宿的；居住的；住宅的

参考例句：

• The mayor inspected the residential section of the city.市长视察了该市的住宅区。
• The residential blocks were integrated with the rest of the college.住宿区与学院其他部分结合在了一起。