2019年经济学人 一周要闻 美国制裁伊朗高层 美国威胁墨西哥加税 巴西G20期间爆丑闻

 

Mr Trump¹ imposed new sanctions on Iran’s leadership. This came after he ordered and then called off air strikes on military installations in the country in response to Iran’s downing of an American spy drone. Ali Khamenei, Iran’s supreme² leader, said the sanctions marked the “permanent closure of the path of diplomacy”.

特朗普对伊朗领导层实施了新的制裁。此前，他下令并取消了对伊朗军事设施的空袭行动，以回应伊朗击落一架美国无人侦察机。伊朗最高领袖阿里·哈梅内伊表示，这些制裁意味着“外交大门永久关闭”。

The chief of Ethiopia’s army and the president of the Amhara region were killed along with several other people in two incidents in what the government called an attempted coup³. The government blamed the head of security in Amhara for the attacks. He was subsequently killed by the army.

埃塞俄比亚陆军参谋长和阿姆哈拉州州长以及其他几人在两起事件中丧生，政府称这是一起未遂政变。政府将袭击事件归咎于阿姆哈拉的安全部门负责人。此人后来被军队击毙。

Zimbabwe reintroduced its currency, the Zimbabwe dollar, amid a deepening economic crisis. It had abandoned the notes in 2009 after their value was destroyed by hyperinflation and instead adopted American dollars. The finance minister said the move would give the central bank more flexibility⁴.

津巴布韦在不断加深的经济危机中重新启用了货币津巴布韦元。2009年，在这些纸币的价值被恶性通货膨胀摧毁后，津巴布韦弃用该货币，改用美元。财政部长表示，此举将赋予央行更大的灵活性。

Back, with a vengeance⁵?

为复仇归来

Robert Mueller agreed to testify at an open session to Congress on July 17th. Evidence from the man who investigated Russian influence in the Trump campaign will make it the most eagerly awaited congressional hearing in years.

罗伯特·米勒同意在7月17日的国会公开会议上作证。调查俄罗斯对特朗普竞选活动影响的人提供的证据，将使其成为多年来最受期待的国会听证会。

Republicans in Oregon’s state Senate refused to show up for work, thus denying a quorum⁶ for a vote on a bill that would introduce a carbon cap-and-trade system. The Democratic governor asked state troopers to find the absconders.

俄勒冈州参议院的共和党人”玩失踪“，导致针对一项引入碳排放限额与交易体系的法案投票时未达到法定人数。民主党州长要求州警找到“缺席者”。

A photograph of a father from Guatemala and his 23-month-old daughter who both drowned trying to cross the Rio Grande intensified⁷ America’s debate on illegal immigration. Reports also emerged of 300 children being held in squalid conditions at a border station. The House of Representatives and the Senate passed competing packages on aid for the border to cope with the surge of migrants.

来自危地马拉男子及其23个月大的女儿在试图穿越格兰德河时双双溺亡，这一照片加剧了美国对非法移民的争论。还有报道称，300名儿童被关押在一个边境中心，那里环境条件恶劣。众议院和参议院通过了相互竞争的一揽子边境援助计划，以应对移民的激增。

Border crisis

边境危机

Mexico sent 15,000 troops to its border with the United States. It is the largest deployment⁹ to control migration⁸ that Mexico has ever undertaken. Donald Trump has demanded that Mexico do more to stop illegal immigration, mainly by Central Americans, or face export tariffs¹⁰. Mexico had already sent 2,000 national guardsmen to help police its southern border.

墨西哥向美墨边境派遣了15000名士兵。这是墨西哥有史以来规模最大的控制移民的军力部署。特朗普要求墨西哥采取更多措施阻止非法移民(主要是中美洲移民)，否则该国将面临出口关税。墨西哥已经派遣了2000名国民警卫协助南部边境的警察。

At least three people were killed in protests against Honduras’s president, Juan Orlando Hernández. Doctors and teachers are demonstrating against plans to restructure the ministries¹¹ of education and health, which they say will lead to privatisation.

在针对洪都拉斯总统胡安·奥兰多·埃尔南德斯的抗议活动中，至少有三人丧生。医生和教师举行示威，反对重组教育和卫生部的计划，他们表示，这将导致私有化。

Authorities in Spain arrested a Brazilian sergeant¹² who flew in on a presidential plane carrying 39kg of cocaine¹³. The aircraft was on its way to the G20 summit in Japan. Brazil’s president, Jair Bolsonaro, who was travelling on another aircraft, normally extols¹⁴ the armed forces. In this case he demanded “severe punishment” for the smuggler¹⁵.

西班牙当局逮捕了一名巴西中士，他携带39公斤可卡因乘坐总统专机进入西班牙。这架专机当时正飞往日本参加G20峰会。乘坐另一架专机的巴西总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗（Jair Bolsonaro）一向对军方称赞有加。而在这种情况下，他不得不要求“严惩”走私犯。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

3 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

4 flexibility   

n.柔韧性，弹性，（光的）折射性，灵活性

参考例句：

• Her great strength lies in her flexibility.她的优势在于她灵活变通。
• The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old.人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。

5 vengeance   

n.报复，报仇，复仇

参考例句：

• He swore vengeance against the men who murdered his father.他发誓要向那些杀害他父亲的人报仇。
• For years he brooded vengeance.多年来他一直在盘算报仇。

6 quorum   

n.法定人数

参考例句：

• The meeting is adjourned since there is no quorum.因为没有法定人数会议休会。
• Three members shall constitute a quorum.三名成员可组成法定人数。

7 intensified   

v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Violence intensified during the night. 在夜间暴力活动加剧了。
• The drought has intensified. 旱情加剧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

9 deployment   

n. 部署,展开

参考例句：

• He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy troops. 他已查出敌军的兵力部署情况。
• Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used customer-driven quality, design and manufacturing management tool. 质量功能展开(quality function deployment,QFD)是一个广泛应用的顾客需求驱动的设计、制造和质量管理工具。

10 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

11 ministries   

（政府的）部( ministry的名词复数 )； 神职； 牧师职位； 神职任期

参考例句：

• Local authorities must refer everything to the central ministries. 地方管理机构应请示中央主管部门。
• The number of Ministries has been pared down by a third. 部委的数量已经减少了1/3。

12 sergeant   

n.警官，中士

参考例句：

• His elder brother is a sergeant.他哥哥是个警官。
• How many stripes are there on the sleeve of a sergeant?陆军中士的袖子上有多少条纹？

13 cocaine   

n.可卡因，古柯碱（用作局部麻醉剂）

参考例句：

• That young man is a cocaine addict.那个年轻人吸食可卡因成瘾。
• Don't have cocaine abusively.不可滥服古柯碱。

14 extols   

v.赞颂，赞扬，赞美( extol的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Everyone extols his noble qualities. 人人称颂他的崇高品德。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Dance Art is an art in which sentiment enlightens genuineness, extols benevolence, and arouses beauty. 舞蹈艺术是以情启真、以情扬善、以情唤美的艺术。 来自互联网

15 smuggler   

n.走私者

参考例句：

• The smuggler is in prison tonight, awaiting extradition to Britain. 这名走私犯今晚在监狱，等待引渡到英国。
• The smuggler was finally obliged to inform against his boss. 那个走私犯最后不得不告发他的首领。