2019年经济学人 摇摇欲坠的经济(2)

 

The economy remains¹ vulnerable to outside shocks.

经济仍然容易受到外部冲击。

On October 29th America's House of Representatives voted to restrict arms sales to Turkey,

10月29日，美国众议院投票限制向土耳其出售武器，

sanction the country over its purchase of a missile-defence system from Russia, and investigate Mr Erdogan's wealth.

对土耳其从俄罗斯购买导弹防御系统进行制裁，并调查埃尔多安的财富。

Lawmakers also passed a motion recognising the Ottoman slaughter² of Armenians in 1915 as genocide.

议员们还通过了一项议案，承认1915年奥斯曼帝国对亚美尼亚人的屠杀是种族灭绝。

Though the sanctions package is unlikely to become law, relations with America are at their worst in decades.

尽管制裁方案不太可能成为法律，但与美国的关系正处于几十年来最糟糕的时期。

Another source of anxiety is an investigation³ in New York into

另一个焦虑的来源是纽约的一项调查，

whether Halkbank, a Turkish state lender, circumvented⁴ American sanctions against Iran.

调查土耳其国有银行Halkbank是否规避了美国对伊朗的制裁。

In an indictment⁵ unsealed on October 15th,

在10月15日公布的一份起诉书中，

prosecutors⁶ allege⁷ that senior Turkish officials took millions of dollars in bribes⁸ to keep the scheme running.

检察官指控土耳其高级官员收受数百万美元贿赂以维持该计划的运行。

A former Halkbank executive who was convicted for playing a role in the operation returned to Turkey this summer after two years in prison.

一名因参与该行动而被定罪的前Halkbank高管在入狱两年后于今年夏天回到土耳其。

On October 21st he was appointed head of the Istanbul stock exchange.

10月21日，他被任命为伊斯坦布尔证交所负责人。

Turkey expects growth of 0.5% this year, and 5% in 2020.

土耳其预计今年经济增长0.5%，2020年增长5%。

If interest rates are cut further in pursuit of that goal, the country risks another currency crisis.

如果为了实现这一目标而进一步降低利率，土耳其将面临另一场货币危机。

The central bank has already burned through billions of dollars in reserves to prop⁹ up the lira.

为了支撑里拉，央行已经烧尽了数十亿美元的储备。

It may no longer have the means to defend the currency in the face of sanctions, or if global interest rates rise.

在面临制裁或全球利率上升的情况下，土耳其可能不再有能力捍卫其货币。

Turks have run to the dollar for safety. Foreign-currency deposits at Turkish banks have surged.

土耳其人为了安全纷纷转向美元。土耳其银行的外币存款激增。

And lack of independence makes monetary¹⁰ policymakers' job harder. "They have a credibility issue," says Kerim Rota, a former banker.

缺乏独立性使得货币政策制定者的工作更加困难。前银行家克里姆罗塔 表示，“他们有信誉问题。”

Interest rates will need to be higher to control inflation than if the market believed the central bank was in charge, he says.

他表示，要想控制通胀，利率必须高于市场认为由央行负责时的水平。

But no one now thinks it can raise rates without Mr Erdogan's say-so.

但是现在没有人觉得，没有埃尔多安的许可，它可以提高利率。

1 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

2 slaughter   

n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀

参考例句：

• I couldn't stand to watch them slaughter the cattle.我不忍看他们宰牛。
• Wholesale slaughter was carried out in the name of progress.大规模的屠杀在维护进步的名义下进行。

3 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

4 circumvented   

v.设法克服或避免（某事物），回避( circumvent的过去式和过去分词 )；绕过，绕行，绕道旅行

参考例句：

• By such means the ban against dancing was circumvented. 这样，舞蹈就不至于被禁止。 来自英汉非文学 - 民俗
• It can therefore be circumvented by address manipulation and explicit type conversion. 因而可以通过地址操纵和显式型别转换来绕过此保护功能。 来自互联网

5 indictment   

n.起诉；诉状

参考例句：

• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
• They issued an indictment against them.他们起诉了他们。

6 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

7 allege   

vt.宣称，申述，主张，断言

参考例句：

• The newspaper reporters allege that the man was murdered but they have given no proof.新闻记者们宣称这个男人是被谋杀的，但他们没提出证据。
• Students occasionally allege illness as the reason for absence.学生时不时会称病缺课。

8 bribes   

n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏

9 prop   

vt.支撑；n.支柱，支撑物；支持者，靠山

参考例句：

• A worker put a prop against the wall of the tunnel to keep it from falling.一名工人用东西支撑住隧道壁好使它不会倒塌。
• The government does not intend to prop up declining industries.政府无意扶持不景气的企业。

10 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。