2021年经济学人 拜登要重新领导世界,中美关系非同小可(2)

The complexity¹ of the new footing with China that Mr Sullivan and other reformists envision underlies² that uncertainty³. While many in Congress, from both parties, hanker after the simplicity⁴ of an old-fashioned cold war, they want closer co-operation with China on some issues—including public health and climate change, a priority that unites the Democratic coalition—while checking or pulling away from it in other areas, including supply-chains, technology transfers and trade. Mr Biden is, for example, therefore likely to retain some of his predecessors’ tariffs⁵.

沙利文和其他改革派所设想的新的对华关系的复杂性，构成了这种不确定性的基础。尽管许多国会两党议员都渴求与中国进行旧式冷战的简单化版本，但他们希望在一些问题上与中国进行更密切的合作，包括公共卫生和气候变化，这是与民主党联盟联合的一个优先事项，同时在其他领域遏制或排斥中国，包括供应链、技术转让和贸易。例如，拜登可能会保留前任总统特朗普定下的一些关税。

That is also where the Democrat’s long-promised push to rebuild alliances comes in. As an alternative to new trade agreements or joining what remains⁶ of the Trans-Pacific Partnership⁷, which his team appears to think politically impossible, he is expected to pursue more ad hoc agreements, issue by issue. Whether that will impress America’s allies must also be seen. The EU’s decision to go ahead with its investment agreement with China, after Mr Sullivan hinted it should hold off, points to their scepticism.

这也是民主党长期以来承诺的重建同盟的动力所在。作为达成新的贸易协定或加入跨太平洋伙伴关系（他的团队似乎认为这在政治上是不可能的）的替代方案，预计他将寻求就不同议题达成更多专门的协定。这是否会给美国的盟友留下深刻印象还必须拭目以待。在沙利文暗示欧盟应该暂缓与中国签署投资协议后，欧盟还是决定继续与中国签署投资协议，这表明了欧盟对美国的怀疑态度。

Mr Biden’s and his advisers’ other big ambition is to bring foreign policy and economic policy more into alignment⁸. This is a familiar idea; Warren Christopher once vowed⁹ to put an “America desk” in the State Department. But the focus on national competitiveness has made it newly relevant. So has growing enthusiasm for industrial policy in both parties, rooted in loose monetary¹⁰ policy, scepticism about globalisation and a desire to address the economic grievances¹¹ that have contributed to the rise of populism— another new problem Mr Biden must take into account. It is notable that Mr Sullivan, who as Hillary Clinton’s former policy chief carries the scars of Donald Trump’s election, has embraced much of the anti-globalism critique of the Sanders-Warren left.

拜登和他的顾问们的另一大抱负是使美国外交政策和经济政策更加协调一致。这是一个熟悉的想法；沃伦·克里斯托弗曾经发誓要在国务院设立一个“美国服务处”。但是，对国家竞争力的关注使其具有了新的相关性。两党对工业政策的热情与日俱增，根源在于宽松的货币政策、对全球化的怀疑以及解决会导致民粹主义抬头的经济问题的愿望（这是拜登必须考虑的另一个新问题）。沙利文曾经是希拉里?克林顿的前任政策负责人，唐纳德?特朗普的当选使他元气大伤，值得注意的是，他接受了桑德斯和沃伦代表的左派提出的大部分反全球主义批判言论。

1 complexity   

n.复杂(性)，复杂的事物

参考例句：

• Only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
• The complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。

2 underlies   

v.位于或存在于（某物）之下( underlie的第三人称单数 )；构成…的基础（或起因），引起

参考例句：

• I think a lack of confidence underlies his manner. 我认为他表现出的态度是因为他缺乏信心。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Try to figure out what feeling underlies your anger. 努力找出你的愤怒之下潜藏的情感。 来自辞典例句

3 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

4 simplicity   

n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯

参考例句：

• She dressed with elegant simplicity.她穿着朴素高雅。
• The beauty of this plan is its simplicity.简明扼要是这个计划的一大特点。

5 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

6 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

7 partnership   

n.合作关系，伙伴关系

参考例句：

• The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
• Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。

8 alignment   

n.队列；结盟，联合

参考例句：

• The church should have no political alignment.教会不应与政治结盟。
• Britain formed a close alignment with Egypt in the last century.英国在上个世纪与埃及结成了紧密的联盟。

9 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

10 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

11 grievances   

n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 )；苦衷；不满；牢骚

参考例句：

• The trade union leader spoke about the grievances of the workers. 工会领袖述说工人们的苦情。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• He gave air to his grievances. 他申诉了他的冤情。 来自《简明英汉词典》