2021年经济学人 公司员工疫苗接种难题(2)

Rules in other industries often lack consistency¹. Early in the pandemic, cruise ships helped to spread the disease. The Saga² cruise line, which targets elderly travellers, is now insisting that passengers produce proof of vaccination³, but makes no such demand of the crew. That makes sense. The passengers will largely be drawn⁴ from the rich world, where the elderly have been fi?rst in the queue for jabs. The crew will be younger and often from poorer countries. In both cases vaccines⁶ will have been harder to obtain. However, the industry is not taking a consistent approach. Swan Hellenic is insisting on vaccines for crew, not passengers. Victory Cruise Lines has made a jab mandatory⁷ for both groups.

其他行业的接种规则往往缺乏一致性。在疫情早期，大型游轮加剧了疾病的传播。以老年旅客为目标的萨加邮轮公司现在坚持要求乘客出示疫苗接种证明，但却没有对船员提出这样的要求。这是有道理的。其乘客主要来自于发达国家，而发达国家将老年群体排在疫苗接种首位。其船员更年轻，且通常来自较贫穷的国家。这两种情况致使船员将更难获得疫苗。然而，游轮行业并没有采取一致的做法。Swan Hellenic邮轮公司坚持要求全体船员接种疫苗，对乘客则不作要求。胜利号邮轮公司则强制要求这两个群体都要接种疫苗。

No vaccine⁵ is 100% eff?ective. It is not yet clear whether people who have been vaccinated⁸ can still transmit the disease to others. So where staff? come into contact with customers, companies may insist on social distancing or mask-wearing until case levels drop substantially. Even then, employees may catch the virus from each other.

没有一种疫苗的有效性在100%。目前尚不清楚接种过疫苗的人是否还能将疾病传染给他人。因此，公司可能会坚持要求员工与客户接触时保持社会距离或佩戴口罩，直到病例数量大幅下降。即便如此，员工之间也可能相互传染病毒。

Later, companies will have to consider what they should do when vaccines become more widely available. Some staff? may have been unable to get a vaccine, because they have a medical condition (such as pregnancy) that excludes them. Do companies have a duty of care to protect such employees from colleagues who have refused to take the jab on principle?

到了后期，公司将不得不考虑，在新冠疫苗的供应变得更加广泛的情况下，他们应该做些什么。一些员工可能无法接种疫苗，因为他们的身体状况（如怀孕）有所限制。那公司原则上是否有义务保护这些员工免受拒绝接种的同事的伤害？

In the case of most companies, Ms Boudreau says, it is very much in their interest “to reduce barriers for eligible⁹ staff? to get vaccines, to have a dialogue with their staff? to understand if and why they may be hesitant to get vaccinated, and to provide information and resources that may help those who are reluctant”. But that is probably as far as they can go.

布德劳表示，就大多数公司而言，符合他们的利益的做法是，“减少有资格员工接种疫苗的障碍，与员工进行对话以了解他们是否以及为什么不愿接种疫苗，并向不愿接种疫苗的员工提供可能有用的信息和资源”。但这可能是公司所能做到的极限了。

There may be another phase of the pandemic with new variants¹⁰ resistant¹¹ to current vaccines. The type of jab people have received then becomes more signifi?cant¹². In short, managers will face a series of tradeoff?s. Their best option may be to accept the uncertainties¹³, remain fl?exible, ensure the best possible hygiene¹⁴ standards for their staff?—and hope that acquired immunity¹⁵, vaccines and therapies make covid-19 no more lifethreatening than seasonal¹⁶ fl?u.

新冠病毒的另一个阶段可能是对现有疫苗具有抗药性的新变种。人们接种的疫苗类型变得更加重要。简言之，管理者将面临一系列的权衡。他们的最佳选择可能是接受不确定性，保持灵活，确保其员工达到最佳卫生标准，并寄希望于获得性免疫、疫苗和治疗致使新冠病毒不会比季节性流感更具生命威胁。

1 consistency   

n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度

参考例句：

• Your behaviour lacks consistency.你的行为缺乏一贯性。
• We appreciate the consistency and stability in China and in Chinese politics.我们赞赏中国及其政策的连续性和稳定性。

2 saga   

n.(尤指中世纪北欧海盗的)故事，英雄传奇

参考例句：

• The saga of Flight 19 is probably the most repeated story about the Bermuda Triangle.飞行19中队的传说或许是有关百慕大三角最重复的故事。
• The novel depicts the saga of a family.小说描绘了一个家族的传奇故事。

3 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

4 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

5 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

6 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

7 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

8 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

9 eligible   

adj.有条件被选中的；(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的

参考例句：

• He is an eligible young man.他是一个合格的年轻人。
• Helen married an eligible bachelor.海伦嫁给了一个中意的单身汉。

10 variants   

n.变体( variant的名词复数 )；变种；变型；（词等的）变体

参考例句：

• Those variants will be preserved in the'struggle for existence". 这些变异将在“生存竞争”中被保留下来。 来自辞典例句
• Like organisms, viruses have variants, generally called strains. 与其他生物一样，病毒也有变种，一般称之为株系。 来自辞典例句

11 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

12 cant   

n.斜穿，黑话，猛扔

参考例句：

• The ship took on a dangerous cant to port.船只出现向左舷危险倾斜。
• He knows thieves'cant.他懂盗贼的黑话。

13 uncertainties   

无把握( uncertainty的名词复数 )； 不确定； 变化不定； 无把握、不确定的事物

参考例句：

• One of the uncertainties of military duty is that you never know when you might suddenly get posted away. 任军职不稳定的因素之一是你永远不知道什么时候会突然被派往它处。
• Uncertainties affecting peace and development are on the rise. 影响和平与发展的不确定因素在增加。 来自汉英非文学 - 十六大报告

14 hygiene   

n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic）

参考例句：

• Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
• He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。

15 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

16 seasonal   

adj.季节的，季节性的

参考例句：

• The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
• The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。