2021年经济学人 奥运VS药物(6)

Better technology and stricter rules have made egregious¹ doping harder.

更好的技术和更严格的规则已经使恶名昭彰的兴奋剂的使用条件变得更加艰难。

In Tokyo, samples will be analysed by sophisticated chromatography to look for drugs or their metabolites.

在东京，检查人员将通过对样品进行复杂的色谱分析来寻找药物成分或其代谢物。

Biological passports will be scrutinised for indirect evidence of blood doping, which may reveal itself as suspicious changes in any of a dozen variables,

同时还会通过仔细检查生物护照来寻找血液兴奋剂存在的间接证据，血液兴奋剂可能会在十几个变量中的其中一个中显现出可疑的变化，

including levels of haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying molecule² that gives blood its red colour), red-blood-cell count, and the proportion of those cells which are immature³.

这些变量包括血红蛋白(使血液呈现红色的载氧分子)的水平、红细胞的数量、以及未成熟细胞的比例。

Outside competitions, "whereabouts" rules mean elite⁴ athletes must keep antidoping authorities apprised⁵ of their movements, to permit unannounced tests.

除了比赛场上之外，“行踪”规定意味着运动员必须将自己的行踪告知反兴奋剂机构，以便允许进行突击检测。

But record performances are not necessary for victory. Simply being better than your opponents on the day is enough.

但是，打破纪录的表现并不是胜利的必要条件，仅仅比对手更好就足够了。

For that reason, subtler chemical assistance is still worth pursuing.

因此，更不易察觉的化学道具仍值得研究。

One option is to experiment with new drugs.

一种选择是试验新药。

Sometimes, these are created deliberately⁶ to dodge⁷ the tests.

有时，制造特定的新药来躲避测试。

In 2003 a syringe was posted anonymously⁸ to American anti-doping officials.

2003年，美国反兴奋剂官员收到了一位匿名人士寄来的注射器。

It contained a new AAS nicknamed "The Clear", for which no test existed.

该注射器包含一种新的原子吸收光谱(AAS)，又名“透明原子吸收光谱”，

This had been developed by a chemist called Patrick Arnold and supplied to athletes including Marion Jones, an American sprinter⁹ with a string of Olympic medals to her name, who admitted using it.

目前还没有针对它的测试。它由一位名叫帕特里克·阿诺德的化学家发明，并提供给了包括马里恩·琼斯在内的运动员。玛丽安·琼斯是一名美国短跑运动员，名下有无数枚奥运奖牌，她承认自己使用过它。

Most new drugs, though, are created by the pharmaceutical¹⁰ industry.

不过，大多数新药都是由制药工业制造的。

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are experimental drugs intended to provide similar benefits to AAS, but with fewer side-effects.

选择性雄激素受体调节剂(SARMs)是一种实验性药物，旨在提供与AAS类似的好处，但副作用更少。

Researchers hope they will help treat muscle-wasting diseases. But SARMs have attracted sporting interest too.

研究人员希望该药物能够帮助治疗肌肉萎缩疾病。但SARMs也吸引了体育界的兴趣。

Oliver Catlin runs the Banned Substances Control Group, an American firm which tests sports supplements for forbidden drugs.

奥利弗·卡特林经营着一家名为“违禁物质控制集团”的美国公司，该公司负责检测运动补充剂是否含有违禁药物。

He points out that although more than a dozen SARMs are in development, tests exist for only a few of them, and only at the most advanced laboratories.

他指出，目前有十几种SARMs正在开发当中，而只有少数几种SARMs能够被测试出来，而且只在最先进的实验室才能进行测试。

1 egregious   

adj.非常的，过分的

参考例句：

• When it comes to blatant lies,there are none more egregious than budget figures.谈到公众谎言，没有比预算数字更令人震惊的。
• What an egregious example was here!现摆着一个多么触目惊心的例子啊。

2 molecule   

n.分子，克分子

参考例句：

• A molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hygrogen and one atom of oxygen.一个水分子是由P妈̬f婘̬ 妈̬成的。
• This gives us the structural formula of the molecule.这种方式给出了分子的结构式。

3 immature   

adj.未成熟的，发育未全的，未充分发展的

参考例句：

• Tony seemed very shallow and immature.托尼看起来好像很肤浅，不夠成熟。
• The birds were in immature plumage.这些鸟儿羽翅未全。

4 elite   

n.精英阶层；实力集团；adj.杰出的，卓越的

参考例句：

• The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy.政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
• We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。

5 apprised   

v.告知，通知( apprise的过去式和过去分词 )；评价

参考例句：

• We were fully apprised of the situation. 我们完全获悉当时的情况。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I have apprised him of your arrival. 我已经告诉他你要来。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

6 deliberately   

adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地

参考例句：

• The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
• They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

7 dodge   

v.闪开，躲开，避开；n.妙计，诡计

参考例句：

• A dodge behind a tree kept her from being run over.她向树后一闪，才没被车从身上辗过。
• The dodge was coopered by the police.诡计被警察粉碎了。

8 anonymously   

ad.用匿名的方式

参考例句：

• The manuscripts were submitted anonymously. 原稿是匿名送交的。
• Methods A self-administered questionnaire was used to survey 536 teachers anonymously. 方法采用自编“中小学教师职业压力问卷”对536名中小学教师进行无记名调查。

9 sprinter   

n.短跑运动员，短距离全速奔跑者

参考例句：

• He is more a sprinter than a swimmer. 他是短跑健将，而不是游泳选手。 来自辞典例句
• The sprinter himself thinks he can run the race at 9.4 seconds. 这位短跑运动员自认为可以用9.4秒跑完比赛。 来自互联网

10 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。