2021年经济学人 电动汽车升级（2）

The first EV to use an 800v drive system was the Porsche Taycan, a luxury sports saloon. This was launched in 2019.

第一款使用800v驱动系统的电动汽车是保时捷Taycan，一款豪华运动轿车。该项目于2019年启动。

According to Porsche, by using a fast-charger the Taycan's huge 93kwh battery can, in a little more than five minutes, gather enough juice for the car to travel 100km.

保时捷称，通过使用快速充电器，Taycan的93kwh巨大电池可以在5分钟多一点的时间内收集足够的电力，使汽车行驶100公里。

Two South Korean producers, Hyundai and its partner Kia, launched their first 800v vehicles this year.

两家韩国制造商，现代及其合作伙伴起亚，今年推出了他们的第一辆800v电动汽车。

Kia says the 77kwh battery in its EV6, which went on sale on August 2nd, can be recharged from 10% to 80% in 18 minutes.

起亚表示，8月2日上市的EV6的77kwh电池可以在18分钟内充电10%到80%。

(The last 20% of capacity is charged at a slower rate in most EVs, to prevent damage to the battery. Hence a full recharge is typically carried out overnight on a standard charger.)

(在大多数电动汽车中，为防止对电池造成损坏，最后20%的电量会以较慢的速度充满。因此，一次完整的充电通常会用标准的充电器在夜间进行充电。)

Others have 800v vehicles in the works, too.

其他公司也在生产800v的汽车。

They include General Motors, Volvo, BYD and Stellantis (a large shareholder¹ in which, for full disclosure, also has a stake in The Economist's parent company).

这些公司包括通用汽车、沃尔沃、比亚迪和斯特兰提斯(充分披露：该公司的大股东还持有《经济学人》母公司的股份)。

Turning an EV's battery from a 400v to an 800v system is fairly straightforward².

将一辆电动汽车的电池从400v系统转向800v系统相当简单。

Principally, it involves wiring up more of the battery's cells in series.

主要就是将更多的电池单元串联起来，

But the associated electronics need additional re-engineering.

不过相关电子设备需要额外进行重新设计。

The main reason why the current generation of EVS use 400v is that semiconductors³ able to handle higher voltages have not been readily available.

目前使用400v电动汽车的主要原因是没有能够承受更高电压的半导体。

Now that EV sales are growing strongly, though, specialist chipmakers are investing in semiconductors that can operate at 800v.

不过，随着电动汽车销量强劲增长，专业芯片制造商正在投资800伏特的半导体。

Instead of using transistors⁴ made from pure silicon⁵, those employed by these chips are made from silicon carbide, which is more robust⁶.

这些芯片使用的晶体管由更坚固的碳化硅而非纯硅制成。

Safety systems in vehicles, such as automated⁷ circuit breakers which isolate⁸ the battery in the EVent of a crash, also need to be upgraded.

汽车的安全系统，如在发生碰撞时隔离电池的自动断路器，也需要升级。

What all this means is that, as more 800v EVS come onto the market, and batteries continue to improve with increased capacity, more motorists are likely to be persuaded to go electric.

这一切意味着，随着更多的800v电动汽车进入市场，电池容量不断提高，更多的司机可能会被说服选择电动汽车。

Much, however, will depend on the availability of fast-charging infrastructure⁹.

然而，这在很大程度上取决于快速充电基础设施的可用性。

If stations are easy to find, and topping up batteries takes only the amount of time required to pick up a coffee, then the malady¹⁰ of range anxiety will at last be laid to rest.

如果充电站随处可见，而给电池充电只需要买一杯咖啡所需的时间，那么“里程焦虑”这一疾病最终将得到缓解。

1 shareholder   

n.股东，股票持有人

参考例句：

• The account department have prepare a financial statement for the shareholder.财务部为股东准备了一份财务报表。
• A shareholder may transfer his shares in accordance with the law.股东持有的股份可以依法转让。

2 straightforward   

adj.正直的，坦率的；易懂的，简单的

参考例句：

• A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech.巧言不如直说。
• I must insist on your giving me a straightforward answer.我一定要你给我一个直截了当的回答。

3 semiconductors   

n.半导体( semiconductor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Crystals may be insulators, semiconductors, or conductors. 晶体可以是绝缘体，半导体，或导体。 来自辞典例句
• Semiconductors containing such impurities are called p-type semiconductors. 含有这类杂质的半导体叫做P型半导体。 来自辞典例句

4 transistors   

晶体管( transistor的名词复数 )； 晶体管收音机，半导体收音机

参考例句：

• In semiconductor receivers transistors take the place of vacuum tubes. 在半导体收音机中晶体管代替了真空管。
• We often turn to this handbook for information on transistors. 我们常从这本手册查阅有关晶体管的资料。

5 silicon   

n.硅(旧名矽)

参考例句：

• This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
• A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。

6 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

7 automated   

a.自动化的

参考例句：

• The entire manufacturing process has been automated. 整个生产过程已自动化。
• Automated Highway System (AHS) is recently regarded as one subsystem of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). 近年来自动公路系统(Automated Highway System,AHS)，作为智能运输系统的子系统之一越来越受到重视。

8 isolate   

vt.使孤立，隔离

参考例句：

• Do not isolate yourself from others.不要把自己孤立起来。
• We should never isolate ourselves from the masses.我们永远不能脱离群众。

9 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

10 malady   

n.病，疾病(通常做比喻)

参考例句：

• There is no specific remedy for the malady.没有医治这种病的特效药。
• They are managing to control the malady into a small range.他们设法将疾病控制在小范围之内。